Abstract : This paper analyzes the development status of our country's green packaging and the difficulties we face, and proposes that we must promote green packaging from the aspects of environmental protection, circular economy, green market and technological progress, and achieve sustainable development of the packaging industry.
Keywords: green packaging; circular economy; <br> <br> a sustainable development, the rise of green packaging
1. The emergence of green packaging China began production and use of green packaging materials and products in the mid-1980s, the most typical of which are pulp molding and honeycomb paperboard products. In only a dozen years, with the exception of a few remote mountainous regions, there are signs of green packaging companies everywhere. The national investment in the industry has exceeded 10 billion yuan, and the number of direct employees exceeds 100,000. The annual output of paper pulp is several hundred thousand tons. The production capacity of paper cutlery is more than 5 billion (pieces), and more than 1,000 equipment production lines are used. The total output value exceeds 12 billion yuan.
2. Development status of green packaging (1) Rapid development. Due to the pressure of green packaging for export commodities, the rise of domestic environmental protection undertakings and the support of the government, the rapid development of China's green packaging industry, the increasing use of environment-friendly packaging materials, the gradual increase in market share, and the increasing technological content Some products have also reached the international advanced level and have a better market in the international market. The packaging machinery that produces green packaging products has also seen a boom in production and sales. At the same time, improper packing such as over-packaging and false packaging has gradually intensified, arousing public attention and adopting certain measures to make packaging gradually take the road of normalization. In terms of disposal of packaging waste, a small number of professional packaging waste recycling organizations have been established, and there are industrialization trends. For example, the disposable snack box recycling website in Beijing was established in September 1997. After the recycling of disposable snack boxes, some of them were crushed and then pelletized by Beijing Baolv Plastics Processing Co., Ltd. to produce various injection-molded products; the other part was from Beijing. Kaifa Environmental Technology Center has produced a series of construction, decoration, waterproof, and anti-freezing adhesives - "Kaifa Rubber Pa" under special additives and proprietary process conditions. It has achieved good economic and social benefits. In addition, the waste of resources and environmental pollution in the development of the packaging industry, like other industrial environmental issues, are valued by the government and gradually controlled as the environmental protection industry in China develops. What is particularly gratifying is that the concept of green consumption has begun to be accepted by Chinese consumers and the market for the green packaging industry has continued to expand.
(2) Development is one-sided. In the minds of the packaging industry and the general public, green packaging is often regarded as greening of packaging products, and the packaging products made of environmentally-degradable materials are erroneously treated as green packaging, regardless of whether the production of the packaging products caused Environmental pollution and waste of resources, as well as reuse of packaged products after use, have led to some misconceptions about green packaging. If the paper packaging is regarded as a green packaging, the plastic packaging is placed on the opposite side of the green packaging, and even the polyethylene poisoning theory is proposed and the slogan of paper-based plastic molding is fully implemented. As everyone knows, green packaging considers the environmental impact of packaging from the entire life cycle of the product. Paper packaging does not meet the requirements of green packaging if it is improperly recycled, and plastic packaging, if it achieves the goals of reduction, resource recycling, etc., is promoted by green packaging. Plastics have the advantage that other packaging materials cannot be replaced, and a total ban on plastics will result in greater packaging contamination. China's forest resources are limited, and the pollution of other papermaking raw materials is also difficult to control. It is neither practical nor environmentally friendly to implement paper-based plastics. Moreover, even in developed countries that strictly implement green packaging, plastics are also the most rapidly growing packaging materials. The main measure to reduce the environmental impact of plastics is to strengthen recycling control rather than unilaterally prohibiting it. Therefore, many important aspects of green packaging, such as the reduction of packaging materials, recycling and reuse of packaging waste, have not received corresponding attention. The related green packaging industry is also underdeveloped, especially packaging. The waste recycling industry is still lagging behind.
(3) Unbalanced development. First of all, the time for different companies to implement green packaging is not synchronized, and the earliest green packaging companies are export-oriented enterprises. Such companies are influenced by the international market and have a better understanding of green packaging. They have quickly adjusted their packaging strategies. Enterprises that rely mainly on the domestic market are slow to respond to green packaging. In recent years, they have only begun to engage in green packaging. Secondly, the development of the regions is not balanced, and the green packaging in the economically developed regions has developed rapidly. The green packaging in the central and western regions where the economy is relatively backward has not received sufficient attention and publicity. The development is slow. In the treatment of packaging waste, local policies and laws are inconsistent, resulting in the transfer of packaging pollution to economically underdeveloped areas.
Second, the predicament of the green packaging 1. Economic factors restrict the development of green packaging Due to the use of advanced technology, the company's limited production scale and other reasons, green packaging products are often more expensive than traditional packaging products, so in the competition with traditional packaging products At that time, there was no price advantage, which directly led to the disadvantage of green packaging products in the market competition. Taking various new types of green tableware as an example, the disposable equipment for pulp molded tableware has a high input cost (an annual output of 30 million lunch boxes and an investment of 3 million yuan or more), most of which are intermittent production, low yield, and qualified product cost. At least 0.30 yuan/only. Plant fiber (rice and wheat shell) cutlery is superior to all current foamed polystyrene substitutes in terms of cost, but each box (without lid) is still above 0.2 yuan. Light/biodegradable polypropylene tableware is the most widely used alternative to pulp molded tableware in addition to pulp molded tableware. Its cost is about 0.20 yuan per person. The cost of cardboard cutlery is higher, and each (box) is above 0.40 yuan. Starch utensils cost more than 0.20 yuan, while the cost of disposable foam polystyrene tableware is only 0.07 yuan. It is the price disadvantage that has become the bottleneck restricting the development of green tableware.
2. Technological and talent factors constrain the development of green packaging Accelerate technological innovation, develop new packaging materials, new processes and new products, which is the key to the development of green packaging. The rapid development of modern science and technology and the increase in the technological content of products pose a threat to traditional packaging products. The international packaging industry has entered the era of developing green materials and replacing traditional materials. Green packaging is not a return to the original, but is supported by high technology. Due to the lack of investment in and research on new technologies for green packaging, China’s overall technology level is still lagging although it has an international leading level on some products. In addition, China’s shortage of talents in green packaging, especially the lack of management talents, has severely restricted the development of green packaging.
3. The lack of green consumption restricts the development of green packaging The packaging industry can embark on the road to sustainable development of green packaging will inevitably depend on the regulation and guidance of the market. The direction, mode, and performance of market operations are all due to the interaction of demand and supply. When green consumption has become the mainstream of social consumption, green packaging has become the ultimate support of the market's operating mechanism and has become a necessity.
China's green consumption started late and it has not become the people's spending habits. Taking green tableware as an example, China began to administer "white pollution" from the end of 1994 and started research and development of alternative products. In recent years, there has been a leap in production technology and it is also leading in the world. At present, disposable green tableware mainly includes: pulp molded tableware, light/biodegradable polypropylene tableware, coated cardboard tableware, and plant fiber tableware. In early 1999, the State Economic and Trade Commission issued the sixth order, which has listed disposable non-degradable foamed plastic tableware in the catalogue of products that must be phased out within a time limit nationwide before the end of 2000. Various localities have issued relevant bans. However, the large and medium-sized cities and rural market towns across the country are still "white" and hard to be banned, and "green" is difficult to develop. At present, the annual output of domestic green tableware is about 4 billion, of which 80% of the products are exported, mainly to Japan, the United States, Singapore, etc. Another 20% of domestic sales are for railway transportation and shipping systems, and it is difficult to promote in the fast food industry. Due to the insufficiency of export supply and the severe shortage of domestic market demand (consumption), many green packaging companies are only concerned with foreign markets, neglecting the domestic market or subsidizing the domestic market with the surplus of foreign markets.
Third, vigorously develop green packaging to achieve sustainable development of the packaging industry 1. Green packaging is the requirement of environmental protection, in line with the trend of environmental protection in the world At the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development in 1992, the concept of sustainable development was widely accepted and embodied in the conference. The five important documents are contained in the Rio Declaration, Agenda 21, the Statement of Principles on Forests, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Convention on Biological Diversity. Since then, environmental protection and sustainable development have become the consensus of all countries in the world. Green packaging is the best way to achieve the sustainable development of the packaging industry, the development of the packaging industry and environmental protection, and therefore has received extensive support and response.
2. Green packaging is a requirement of circular economy After the 1990s, the development of knowledge economy and circular economy has become the two major trends of the international community. Circular economy is essentially an ecological economy. It requires that economic activities be organized into a process of “resources, products, and renewable resources†in accordance with the natural ecosystem model. This will make the entire system and its production and consumption. In the process, there is basically no or only a small amount of waste generated, thus fundamentally solving the long-standing conflict between the environment and development. Comprehensive utilization of resources, recycling of waste, reduction and harmlessness are important principles and important symbols of circular economy. Green packaging is a packaging industry development model that meets the requirements of circular economy. Therefore, it has been favored by governments of developed countries. Germany, Japan and other countries have even used legislation to promote the development of green packaging and recycling economy, and have received good results. The development of circular economy has a special significance for such a developing country with relatively low per capita resources and low resource utilization. In China, taking green packaging as a starting point, it is very realistic and feasible to fully transition to a circular economy.
3. The broad green market is the driving force for the development of green packaging The total market of the global environmental protection industry is currently around 250 billion US dollars, which is even larger than that of the computer industry and the pharmaceutical industry, second only to the information technology industry. In fact, this market is still growing rapidly, and it has kept rising. The vast green market contains unlimited business opportunities, and huge economic benefits drive market competition toward a more environmentally friendly direction. As far as packaging products are concerned, market competition is no longer merely a competition in the quality, price, and appearance of products, but more importantly, whether it is conducive to environmental protection. According to statistics, the country consumes 10 billion disposable tableware each year and grows at an annual rate of 600,000 or more. However, the supply of green tableware is currently only 3 billion, and the gap is as high as 7 billion, and the international demand is also very high. Large, the United States and other countries have a production capacity of about 30% of their own needs, and they urgently need to import. Therefore, in recent years, China's green tableware manufacturing enterprises have developed rapidly and have achieved good economic benefits. Various new types of environmentally friendly packaging materials, such as recycled paper, degradable plastics, disposable environmental protection snack boxes, etc., have been popularized by the government and favored by consumers; disposable waste boxes and other packaging waste recycling systems have received unprecedented attention; Inappropriate packaging, such as packaging and fraudulent packaging, has been contained to a certain degree. This opens up a broad market for green packaging and helps the green packaging industry to form a virtuous circle.
4. Rely on technology to promote the development of green packaging Green packaging is a change in packaging concepts, but the real possibility of providing green packaging, and promote the development of green packaging, is the progress of packaging technology. Green packaging must rely heavily on the development results of modern science and technology, guided by advanced technology, advanced standards as the yardstick, and advanced computer technology, materials technology, and manufacturing technology as means. Lack of technical support for green packaging can only stay in the empty conceptual stage. At present, our country has begun
Keywords: green packaging; circular economy; <br> <br> a sustainable development, the rise of green packaging
1. The emergence of green packaging China began production and use of green packaging materials and products in the mid-1980s, the most typical of which are pulp molding and honeycomb paperboard products. In only a dozen years, with the exception of a few remote mountainous regions, there are signs of green packaging companies everywhere. The national investment in the industry has exceeded 10 billion yuan, and the number of direct employees exceeds 100,000. The annual output of paper pulp is several hundred thousand tons. The production capacity of paper cutlery is more than 5 billion (pieces), and more than 1,000 equipment production lines are used. The total output value exceeds 12 billion yuan.
2. Development status of green packaging (1) Rapid development. Due to the pressure of green packaging for export commodities, the rise of domestic environmental protection undertakings and the support of the government, the rapid development of China's green packaging industry, the increasing use of environment-friendly packaging materials, the gradual increase in market share, and the increasing technological content Some products have also reached the international advanced level and have a better market in the international market. The packaging machinery that produces green packaging products has also seen a boom in production and sales. At the same time, improper packing such as over-packaging and false packaging has gradually intensified, arousing public attention and adopting certain measures to make packaging gradually take the road of normalization. In terms of disposal of packaging waste, a small number of professional packaging waste recycling organizations have been established, and there are industrialization trends. For example, the disposable snack box recycling website in Beijing was established in September 1997. After the recycling of disposable snack boxes, some of them were crushed and then pelletized by Beijing Baolv Plastics Processing Co., Ltd. to produce various injection-molded products; the other part was from Beijing. Kaifa Environmental Technology Center has produced a series of construction, decoration, waterproof, and anti-freezing adhesives - "Kaifa Rubber Pa" under special additives and proprietary process conditions. It has achieved good economic and social benefits. In addition, the waste of resources and environmental pollution in the development of the packaging industry, like other industrial environmental issues, are valued by the government and gradually controlled as the environmental protection industry in China develops. What is particularly gratifying is that the concept of green consumption has begun to be accepted by Chinese consumers and the market for the green packaging industry has continued to expand.
(2) Development is one-sided. In the minds of the packaging industry and the general public, green packaging is often regarded as greening of packaging products, and the packaging products made of environmentally-degradable materials are erroneously treated as green packaging, regardless of whether the production of the packaging products caused Environmental pollution and waste of resources, as well as reuse of packaged products after use, have led to some misconceptions about green packaging. If the paper packaging is regarded as a green packaging, the plastic packaging is placed on the opposite side of the green packaging, and even the polyethylene poisoning theory is proposed and the slogan of paper-based plastic molding is fully implemented. As everyone knows, green packaging considers the environmental impact of packaging from the entire life cycle of the product. Paper packaging does not meet the requirements of green packaging if it is improperly recycled, and plastic packaging, if it achieves the goals of reduction, resource recycling, etc., is promoted by green packaging. Plastics have the advantage that other packaging materials cannot be replaced, and a total ban on plastics will result in greater packaging contamination. China's forest resources are limited, and the pollution of other papermaking raw materials is also difficult to control. It is neither practical nor environmentally friendly to implement paper-based plastics. Moreover, even in developed countries that strictly implement green packaging, plastics are also the most rapidly growing packaging materials. The main measure to reduce the environmental impact of plastics is to strengthen recycling control rather than unilaterally prohibiting it. Therefore, many important aspects of green packaging, such as the reduction of packaging materials, recycling and reuse of packaging waste, have not received corresponding attention. The related green packaging industry is also underdeveloped, especially packaging. The waste recycling industry is still lagging behind.
(3) Unbalanced development. First of all, the time for different companies to implement green packaging is not synchronized, and the earliest green packaging companies are export-oriented enterprises. Such companies are influenced by the international market and have a better understanding of green packaging. They have quickly adjusted their packaging strategies. Enterprises that rely mainly on the domestic market are slow to respond to green packaging. In recent years, they have only begun to engage in green packaging. Secondly, the development of the regions is not balanced, and the green packaging in the economically developed regions has developed rapidly. The green packaging in the central and western regions where the economy is relatively backward has not received sufficient attention and publicity. The development is slow. In the treatment of packaging waste, local policies and laws are inconsistent, resulting in the transfer of packaging pollution to economically underdeveloped areas.
Second, the predicament of the green packaging 1. Economic factors restrict the development of green packaging Due to the use of advanced technology, the company's limited production scale and other reasons, green packaging products are often more expensive than traditional packaging products, so in the competition with traditional packaging products At that time, there was no price advantage, which directly led to the disadvantage of green packaging products in the market competition. Taking various new types of green tableware as an example, the disposable equipment for pulp molded tableware has a high input cost (an annual output of 30 million lunch boxes and an investment of 3 million yuan or more), most of which are intermittent production, low yield, and qualified product cost. At least 0.30 yuan/only. Plant fiber (rice and wheat shell) cutlery is superior to all current foamed polystyrene substitutes in terms of cost, but each box (without lid) is still above 0.2 yuan. Light/biodegradable polypropylene tableware is the most widely used alternative to pulp molded tableware in addition to pulp molded tableware. Its cost is about 0.20 yuan per person. The cost of cardboard cutlery is higher, and each (box) is above 0.40 yuan. Starch utensils cost more than 0.20 yuan, while the cost of disposable foam polystyrene tableware is only 0.07 yuan. It is the price disadvantage that has become the bottleneck restricting the development of green tableware.
2. Technological and talent factors constrain the development of green packaging Accelerate technological innovation, develop new packaging materials, new processes and new products, which is the key to the development of green packaging. The rapid development of modern science and technology and the increase in the technological content of products pose a threat to traditional packaging products. The international packaging industry has entered the era of developing green materials and replacing traditional materials. Green packaging is not a return to the original, but is supported by high technology. Due to the lack of investment in and research on new technologies for green packaging, China’s overall technology level is still lagging although it has an international leading level on some products. In addition, China’s shortage of talents in green packaging, especially the lack of management talents, has severely restricted the development of green packaging.
3. The lack of green consumption restricts the development of green packaging The packaging industry can embark on the road to sustainable development of green packaging will inevitably depend on the regulation and guidance of the market. The direction, mode, and performance of market operations are all due to the interaction of demand and supply. When green consumption has become the mainstream of social consumption, green packaging has become the ultimate support of the market's operating mechanism and has become a necessity.
China's green consumption started late and it has not become the people's spending habits. Taking green tableware as an example, China began to administer "white pollution" from the end of 1994 and started research and development of alternative products. In recent years, there has been a leap in production technology and it is also leading in the world. At present, disposable green tableware mainly includes: pulp molded tableware, light/biodegradable polypropylene tableware, coated cardboard tableware, and plant fiber tableware. In early 1999, the State Economic and Trade Commission issued the sixth order, which has listed disposable non-degradable foamed plastic tableware in the catalogue of products that must be phased out within a time limit nationwide before the end of 2000. Various localities have issued relevant bans. However, the large and medium-sized cities and rural market towns across the country are still "white" and hard to be banned, and "green" is difficult to develop. At present, the annual output of domestic green tableware is about 4 billion, of which 80% of the products are exported, mainly to Japan, the United States, Singapore, etc. Another 20% of domestic sales are for railway transportation and shipping systems, and it is difficult to promote in the fast food industry. Due to the insufficiency of export supply and the severe shortage of domestic market demand (consumption), many green packaging companies are only concerned with foreign markets, neglecting the domestic market or subsidizing the domestic market with the surplus of foreign markets.
Third, vigorously develop green packaging to achieve sustainable development of the packaging industry 1. Green packaging is the requirement of environmental protection, in line with the trend of environmental protection in the world At the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development in 1992, the concept of sustainable development was widely accepted and embodied in the conference. The five important documents are contained in the Rio Declaration, Agenda 21, the Statement of Principles on Forests, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Convention on Biological Diversity. Since then, environmental protection and sustainable development have become the consensus of all countries in the world. Green packaging is the best way to achieve the sustainable development of the packaging industry, the development of the packaging industry and environmental protection, and therefore has received extensive support and response.
2. Green packaging is a requirement of circular economy After the 1990s, the development of knowledge economy and circular economy has become the two major trends of the international community. Circular economy is essentially an ecological economy. It requires that economic activities be organized into a process of “resources, products, and renewable resources†in accordance with the natural ecosystem model. This will make the entire system and its production and consumption. In the process, there is basically no or only a small amount of waste generated, thus fundamentally solving the long-standing conflict between the environment and development. Comprehensive utilization of resources, recycling of waste, reduction and harmlessness are important principles and important symbols of circular economy. Green packaging is a packaging industry development model that meets the requirements of circular economy. Therefore, it has been favored by governments of developed countries. Germany, Japan and other countries have even used legislation to promote the development of green packaging and recycling economy, and have received good results. The development of circular economy has a special significance for such a developing country with relatively low per capita resources and low resource utilization. In China, taking green packaging as a starting point, it is very realistic and feasible to fully transition to a circular economy.
3. The broad green market is the driving force for the development of green packaging The total market of the global environmental protection industry is currently around 250 billion US dollars, which is even larger than that of the computer industry and the pharmaceutical industry, second only to the information technology industry. In fact, this market is still growing rapidly, and it has kept rising. The vast green market contains unlimited business opportunities, and huge economic benefits drive market competition toward a more environmentally friendly direction. As far as packaging products are concerned, market competition is no longer merely a competition in the quality, price, and appearance of products, but more importantly, whether it is conducive to environmental protection. According to statistics, the country consumes 10 billion disposable tableware each year and grows at an annual rate of 600,000 or more. However, the supply of green tableware is currently only 3 billion, and the gap is as high as 7 billion, and the international demand is also very high. Large, the United States and other countries have a production capacity of about 30% of their own needs, and they urgently need to import. Therefore, in recent years, China's green tableware manufacturing enterprises have developed rapidly and have achieved good economic benefits. Various new types of environmentally friendly packaging materials, such as recycled paper, degradable plastics, disposable environmental protection snack boxes, etc., have been popularized by the government and favored by consumers; disposable waste boxes and other packaging waste recycling systems have received unprecedented attention; Inappropriate packaging, such as packaging and fraudulent packaging, has been contained to a certain degree. This opens up a broad market for green packaging and helps the green packaging industry to form a virtuous circle.
4. Rely on technology to promote the development of green packaging Green packaging is a change in packaging concepts, but the real possibility of providing green packaging, and promote the development of green packaging, is the progress of packaging technology. Green packaging must rely heavily on the development results of modern science and technology, guided by advanced technology, advanced standards as the yardstick, and advanced computer technology, materials technology, and manufacturing technology as means. Lack of technical support for green packaging can only stay in the empty conceptual stage. At present, our country has begun
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