In the gentle slope below 45 degrees, the decline in the middle slope, because the risk is small, generally do not require special equipment and technology, can go with the aid of hail.
In steep slopes and cliffs falling above 45 degrees, there must be certain equipment and techniques. There are several ways to reduce it:
(a) Three-point fixed descent method
The three-point fixed descent method is a basic method for the rock operation decline technique. The tools used are simple and easy to carry out among the masses. The method is to use your hands, feet, or hold the three fulcrums, and then move the fourth fulcrum. This method of descent is more difficult than the three-point fixed climb, so it must be set above the fixed protection.
(b) The use of equipment to reduce the use of equipment is the most commonly used method. The principle is to use the friction between the master rope and a certain device connected to the body to slow down and control the decline in the speed of the decline.
1. Decline with descender. One end of the main rope is fixed at the part of the cliff, and the other end is thrown to the bottom. The descender fastens the seat belt at the waist and hangs the iron lock in front of the abdomen. Then the main rope is wound on the descender according to the “eight†shape, and then the descender is lowered. Connected with the iron lock, the left hand grasps the upper end of the main rope, and the right hand grips the main rope that comes out of the descender after the turn. Facing the rock wall, the two legs are separated by about 80 degrees, and they live on the cliff edge. The body sits back and makes the trunk and the lower limbs at an angle of about 100 degrees. After the upper main rope is placed on the cliff edge, it can begin to descend.
The method of descent of this method is: when the descent is made, the legs are separated, the main rope is pulled tightly, and when the rope above the left hand is placed on the edge of the cliff, the left and right feet are supported up and down, and the front foot covers the rock wall and starts to descend. The hips sit back and the right hand looses the rope. The feet move down quickly as the body descends, so that it always maintains the balance of the body; if the right hand slacks and the hips sit back and forth, and the feet remain still, it will make The body loses its balance and is in danger of falling backwards. Therefore, the right hand looses the rope, and the two feet move down with the body's center of gravity and turn the foot down in time. Supporting the body to maintain balance is the key to the success. The right hand slack rope moves quickly and both feet need to coordinate and have a rhythm. Because the legs are supported up and down, the body is tilted to the right, which not only facilitates movement but also allows you to observe the descending line. The speed of the descent mainly depends on how much the right hand loose rope is. When the rope is fast, the foot will fall quickly, and the speed of descent will be quickened. Once you want to stop the descent, the right hand can just stop the brake by just tightening the main rope to brake it.
In order to enable beginners to grasp the descending movement as quickly as possible, the knotting device can be added. That is, the upper end of the auxiliary rope is used to grasp the knot on the main rope (left hand grip), and the other end is fixed on the abdominal belt. The distance to grip the knot is approximately equal to Arm length. When descending, the left hand moves downwards while also grasping and squatting. Once the lower right main rope is released by the tensioned right hand, the grasping knot can be firmly grasped, thereby protecting and preventing the body from slipping off. When there are many people participating in the exercise, a master rope can also be added for protection. Using the above fixed protection method, connect the lower end of the rope to the descender. In this way, not only can increase the degree of safety but also eliminate the fear of beginners.
2. Single loop drop
This is a method of replacing the descender drop with a tie and a single loop connection without the dropper. This drop method and action method are the same as the descent method.
3. Sit rope drop
This method is used to reduce the direct friction between the main rope and the body. The first step is to perform the preparatory action, facing the fixed rope end, holding the fixed main rope above the two feet, and winding the main rope behind the right leg to the front, through the abdomen, chest, and left shoulder to the back, to the right , Hold it with your right hand behind the beak and hold the rope while the tiger's mouth is facing up.
The drop method and action method are basically the same as the single loop drop. This method is suitable for use with only the master rope. When you fall, you should wear thick and hard-wearing clothes. Be sure to master the essentials of movement and maintain your balance. The main rope at the base of the right thigh cannot be displaced or disengaged, and the right hand always holds the main rope, gradually loosening the main rope as the body descends. The rate of descent should not be too fast. There must be a rhythm.
In order to ensure safety, beginners can use the double master rope practice, that is, with a master rope down, the other master rope to do the upper protection, the lower end of the rope is connected to the descender's chest rope or the waist belt, the protector and the descender Coordinate and complete the descent. It is also possible to use a chest strap to hold the knot at the upper end (right hand holding the rope) so that once the movement is mistaken, the knot can play a protective role.
4. Falling rope
When the slope is close to 90 degrees, the rope drop method can be used. This method is easy to learn, as long as there is a master rope to perform the descent operation.
The main rope is fixed above the steep wall, the remaining main rope is thrown under the cliff, the descender lays a knot on the rope, and the other end is connected with the iron lock on the waist belt. The distance from the knot to the joint must not be too long, nor too short, so that the arm is stretched to capture the grip. The descender faces the fixed point. When standing on the edge of the cliff, the legs must be tightened and hold the knot before they can begin to descend.
(1) Methods and Methods of Decline
Follow the main ropes and turn them down one by one. When the hand is down, grab the knot first. Then move the two hands down with both hands, and also backwards. At the same time, try to step on the rocks or corners that protrude from Relieve the burden on the arm, coordinate with the handstand and move, have a rhythm, and separate the legs slightly to keep the body in balance and prevent it from turning around. The hand holding the main rope must be tightened when you fall. When there is difficulty in hand-turning due to lack of arm strength, it is also possible to lower the hand along the rope, and pay attention to the speed so as not to scratch it.
Beginners can also use the double master rope drop.
(2) Matters needing attention
1) Before the descent, there must be enough mental preparations to eliminate fear, be careful, bold, decisive, agile and accurate;
2) The descending route is better if the slope is slower and the fulcrum is more;
3) For the route with the same degree of difficulty, shorter ones should be selected, and the degree of weathering should be small;
4) Regardless of the method used to reduce, gloves should be worn to prevent scratches.
(3) Rope recovery method
After the arrival of the destination, the rope must be taken back. The main reason for the smooth recovery is that the top is fixed. There are generally the following recycling methods.
1) Live traction knot fixation
When fixed at the top, use a protruding rock or tree as a fixing point. After the main rope is wound around the rock, a live traction knot is fixed. The long end of the rope is thrown under the cliff, and the short end is connected with an auxiliary rope. The connection method is to mix and knot. After the ropes are connected, the auxiliary rope is thrown under the cliff. After the last one is pulled, the auxiliary rope can be pulled and the upper fixing can be released. Continue to pull the auxiliary rope and pull the main rope down until it stops.
2) Double master rope method
On the rock projected above or on the artificial fulcrum (rock steel cone hitting), use a rope sleeve to fix it, and double the main rope to the rope sleeve. The decliner uses the double main rope and pulls the other main rope to recover the rope.
If the main rope is not long enough, the two ropes can be connected. When recycling, only the knotted main rope can be pulled.
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