In the past three years, Wuhan Public Transport IC Card has been applied to the public transport industry under the guidance of the Ministry of Construction [1999] No. 65. The technology type and related products are in line with the state. Standards (or international standards), in accordance with the "five unified" principle proposed by the state for the gold card project, according to the local actual application requirements, under the premise of safety, reliability and stability, prepare a system suitable for the needs of the industry. Application software has formed a bus IC card charging system of a certain scale.
The Wuhan public transport non-contact IC card charging system has developed steadily and has achieved initial results.
(1) Implementing a card goal, one agency and two brands.
The implementation of non-contact IC card charges for public transportation is a major reform of the application of high-tech to public transport services after the launch of unmanned tickets by Wuhan Public Transport. The relevant departments of the municipal government are organized, equipment selection, service measures and development strategies. Serious deployment has been carried out to ensure the steady development of the entire system and achieved initial results. The implementation of the IC card charging system is a systematic project integrating multiple high-tech applications, which is technically strong and involves many factors and related departments. In order to implement the bus contactless IC card charging management project, the Municipal Public Utilities Bureau took the lead and in April 1999, was responsible for the implementation and application of the entire IC card project. Its functions are planning, designing, producing, issuing, clearing, managing, and supervising, that is, implementation: unified planning, unified standards, unified manufacturing, unified card issuance, unified management, and implementation of industry centralized management and supervision. In order to better manage and manage the system in the future, the public bus company, the tram company, the rental company and the ferry company participated in the shareholding. In September of the same year, Wuhan Public Ticket Management Co., Ltd. (45% of the bus company, tram 30) was established. %, ferry 15%, rental 10%). The "Ticket Management Center" and the "Ticket Management Company" are two brands of a team. The “Management Center†exercises the government management functions according to the “five unified†requirements of the Ministry of Construction Gold Card Project, while the “Ticket Management Co., Ltd.†is responsible for the bidding and selection of the overall system hardware of the IC card, and the necessary functions for software programming. After the completion of the system, the overall management of the system, the sale of cards, recharge and the settlement of bus companies, the implementation of specific work for the public.
(2) Develop and apply advanced technology to ensure that the overall system functions are complete.
Based on years of experience in bus operation management, combined with the actual situation of urban bus operation management in China, Wuhan Public Electronic Engineering Company specially developed and produced urban bus contactless IC card charging management system. The system uses non-contact IC card and its corresponding reading and writing equipment, large database and bus operation management system software to complete the ticket sales, ticket inspection, operation data collection and processing of bus operation, with the cooperation and support of CITIC Bank, and the bank Networking completed settlement, and the use of the most advanced non-contact IC card technology in the 1990s, including non-contact IC card read and write control technology, non-contact IC card chip packaging and card-making technology, reading and writing Antenna design technology, data encryption technology, database management technology, data transmission technology and vehicle power technology.
In the software aspect, Microsoft's Windows NT Server 4.0 is used as the running platform. The dual-server configuration of redundant disk arrays provides a complete and reliable operating environment for the system. Microsoft's Windows SQL Server 7.0 is used as the back-end database management system, which not only has Safe and convenient data management capabilities and efficient data processing capabilities, as well as powerful data replication capabilities (including interconnection with heterogeneous databases), easy to exchange data with banks and other units, the system uses Inprise Delphi5.0 as a front-end development tool, Friendly interface, fast programming, smooth connection with SQL Server, all workstations of the system use Microsoft's latest Windows98 as the operating platform.
System technology uses radio frequency technology combined with IC card technology, non-contact smart card MIFARE standard, 1024 bytes / 384 bits, RF signal frequency 13.56MHZ, read and write speed less than 100ms / time, the antenna is used for winding. Car toll machine reading and writing time: <0.5 seconds; use environment -20 ° C to 65 ° C; storage environment -30 ° C to 80 ° C; average power consumption <8W; input voltage 5 to 40V, and overvoltage protection; operating frequency 13.56 MHZ; read and write effective distance <10CM; read and write maximum value is 800 (yuan), accuracy 0.1 (yuan); storage record 3000 detailed records; data transmission using contact IC card, in accordance with ISO7816 standard; power can still be at least The data is kept intact within three months, the standard RS232 communication interface is convenient for data acquisition, and the 8-bit super bright LED display.
The security management hardware and card communication adopts Triple DES encryption, and the key management is authenticated by multiple security encryption. After the identification and inspection by the provincial and municipal technical supervision departments meets international standards, national standards and industry standards, the system scalability and security are fully guaranteed. . After the opening of this system, we have networked with CITIC Industrial Bank and implemented online settlement with various bus companies to make the whole system function more perfect. The results of the operation in the past two years prove that the system is fully adaptable to the use environment of Wuhan public transportation.
(3), strive to minimize investment, and strive to achieve the best results.
Now the organization is a team, two brands. Exercising the management function of the bus IC card industry, the implementation of the project is operated by modern enterprises: four bus units. In the first phase, the company invested 680,000 yuan, and the ticket management company, with the support of CITIC Bank, gave the project a credit loan of 7 million yuan. To the mid-term public utility of the project, an allocation of 5.9 million yuan. After more than two years of construction and steady development, the initial results: the city has a total of 208 public steam (electric) car lines, 4,748 buses, 7 non-contact IC card toll machines installed on the ferry route. A total of 63 computer terminals for data processing and fund settlement were built, 51 sales recharge points were built, and the overall computer data receiving, statistical, and storage system of the management center was completed. The total investment of the project is 18 million yuan (the hardware purchase is 17 million, the software design fee is 7%). At present, the monthly settlement amount is 15 million, and the 2% management fee is charged.
The current problems and ways to solve them.
(1) The current problems.
At present, Wuhan City takes the bus IC card as the main body, and the small system of the small system of the public system has been built: gas, tap water, roadside parking. It should be learned a few years ago that the commercial banks in the banking industry issued their own cards, and the resources caused by the split use were extremely wasteful. The use efficiency was not high, the masses were inconvenient, the maintenance and management costs remained high, and the lessons that cannot be continued at present should be learned. The industry is centered on UnionPay, integrating resources, unifying card types, and effective use of one card. If unified, the government's macro-management needs to be integrated in the form of Party A or Party B, or in the form of joint stocks, to realize the utility card "one card multi-use". It is difficult to do this work well. It takes a while to complete. At the end of this year, the taxis in Wuhan City were launched with the IC card system. The bus IC card management company and the taxi companies were on a voluntary basis. The two parties signed an agreement and gradually completed the work. Currently, this work is underway.
(2) Cross-industry development must be self-disciplined and self-reliant.
At the end of this month, the bus IC card entered the catering industry for small-scale consumption, supermarkets for small-scale shopping, and parked in the park, causing discussions with the Bank of China's Wuhan Sales Department. Both parties felt that they had entered the blank of financial management. Self-strict management is our top priority now. We must refer to the relevant regulations of financial management and related fund management systems. Public IC card enterprises should establish a new set of enterprise norms and management systems to ensure the safety and credibility of capital operation.
The sustainable development of construction business IC cards must introduce business philosophy.
(1) Implement enterprise operations in accordance with the laws of the market economy.
The construction business IC card project has a foundation for development in every city. It is related to the food, clothing, housing and transportation of the citizens. The public's reflection on the implementation of the IC card project is much better than what we expected. Convenient, fast, and reduce the losses caused by counterfeit currency, so that the development of IC cards is rapidly increasing. However, the overall operation of the enterprise should be considered, the proportional relationship and cycle of input and output, the spillover point of exploiting and mining benefits, subjective control of its scale of operation and management methods, and its relevant policies and its management should be studied according to its application model. The method is to increase the social and economic benefits in the same period of development.
(2) The application mode of the construction business IC card matches the business strategy.
"One card multi-use" is the maximum value of the simultaneous increase of two benefits. The input of the public IC card in the industry in the early stage is the maximum, and the marginal benefit lies in expanding the scope of use, and the maximum value of the output is marginal benefit. According to the orderly development of the market economy, full use of the existing resources in the industry, integration of the extension of available resources, in order to make the sustainable development of public utilities IC card, social benefits and corporate economic benefits simultaneously increase, in order to make this The project develops in a virtuous circle.
(3) Successful case.
On June 12, 2001, the domestic reference news published an article in the Hong Kong journalist Zhao Danping, entitled "Small and Magical "Octopus"", which said: "Octopus" does not simply regard it as a charging system, but Based on public transportation, it operates as a service network covering the entire city. At the end of May 2001, 7.4 million cards were issued, with a daily usage of 6 million times. The average daily transaction volume was 42 million Hong Kong dollars. The estimated storage funds amounted to more than 2 billion Hong Kong dollars. The clearing service charges are 2% 6%. The social and business benefits are They are all in the best condition, and after a lapse of more than a year, it must be better than last year.
(4) Taking enterprises as the main body, taking services as the foundation, and grasping development according to industrialization.
The breadth of IC cards for construction projects can be extended to every city in the country, and its depth is related to the daily life of every citizen. State-owned assets are a strong foundation for the construction of enterprises, and also a high-quality resource for the development of IC card projects. Under the unified leadership of the Ministry of Construction, each city public utility is gradually developed according to the general principles and the general plan. It is a new type of industry for the whole country. The funds that the citizens must consume every month will be stored in the construction business before consumption. In the IC card, the country is estimated to reach more than 10 billion, or even more. If the Ministry of Construction organizes the establishment of the IC card foundation for construction, as permitted by national regulations, some funds may be safe.
Reliably used in the needs of various national construction projects, fund consortia in many foreign industries are actually formed. The value-added operation of the construction IC card fund will become a new benefit increase point of the industry. If the current national regulations permit, a small amount of money will enter the banking industry of each city, which will also play a significant role in the country's construction and development. The days when our citizens go out to bring a few cards, no need to bring cash, are not far away. If, like developed countries, citizens do not need to bring cash, they can use all kinds of cards to complete all consumption, and the National Bank will increase hundreds of billions of funds to transfer or reserve.
The construction enterprise IC card application model should become a certain regional socialized small-scale consumption service network. It must be studied as a service-oriented and enterprise-oriented industry to formulate relevant policies and overall development plans. Through the development of this industry, the disposable income that the national citizens must have per month is concentrated in the banking industry before consumption, which is beneficial to the country, the enterprise, and the citizens.
Under the unified guidance of the Ministry of Construction, through several years of hard work, the IC card system that has begun to take shape in the country, we must cherish the resources that have been invested, to develop, to develop, to be refined, that is, according to national or international Standards, citing advanced technology, doing their work safely and steadily, establishing a new set of management regulations and systems, and using a group of high-level management talents. Second, we must be strong, that is, we must do all the fields of the industry in accordance with the general principles of “five unifications†and “one card multi-useâ€. In order to do a good job in the industry, we will establish a business philosophy and build a business IC card project into a distinctive industry in the country, forming a socialized small-scale consumer service network in all regions of the country, enabling high-tech The application is transformed into advanced productivity, serving the public, promoting social and economic benefits, and simultaneously improving material and spiritual civilization. The IC card for the construction of the country and the people must be sustainable.
The Wuhan public transport non-contact IC card charging system has developed steadily and has achieved initial results.
(1) Implementing a card goal, one agency and two brands.
The implementation of non-contact IC card charges for public transportation is a major reform of the application of high-tech to public transport services after the launch of unmanned tickets by Wuhan Public Transport. The relevant departments of the municipal government are organized, equipment selection, service measures and development strategies. Serious deployment has been carried out to ensure the steady development of the entire system and achieved initial results. The implementation of the IC card charging system is a systematic project integrating multiple high-tech applications, which is technically strong and involves many factors and related departments. In order to implement the bus contactless IC card charging management project, the Municipal Public Utilities Bureau took the lead and in April 1999, was responsible for the implementation and application of the entire IC card project. Its functions are planning, designing, producing, issuing, clearing, managing, and supervising, that is, implementation: unified planning, unified standards, unified manufacturing, unified card issuance, unified management, and implementation of industry centralized management and supervision. In order to better manage and manage the system in the future, the public bus company, the tram company, the rental company and the ferry company participated in the shareholding. In September of the same year, Wuhan Public Ticket Management Co., Ltd. (45% of the bus company, tram 30) was established. %, ferry 15%, rental 10%). The "Ticket Management Center" and the "Ticket Management Company" are two brands of a team. The “Management Center†exercises the government management functions according to the “five unified†requirements of the Ministry of Construction Gold Card Project, while the “Ticket Management Co., Ltd.†is responsible for the bidding and selection of the overall system hardware of the IC card, and the necessary functions for software programming. After the completion of the system, the overall management of the system, the sale of cards, recharge and the settlement of bus companies, the implementation of specific work for the public.
(2) Develop and apply advanced technology to ensure that the overall system functions are complete.
Based on years of experience in bus operation management, combined with the actual situation of urban bus operation management in China, Wuhan Public Electronic Engineering Company specially developed and produced urban bus contactless IC card charging management system. The system uses non-contact IC card and its corresponding reading and writing equipment, large database and bus operation management system software to complete the ticket sales, ticket inspection, operation data collection and processing of bus operation, with the cooperation and support of CITIC Bank, and the bank Networking completed settlement, and the use of the most advanced non-contact IC card technology in the 1990s, including non-contact IC card read and write control technology, non-contact IC card chip packaging and card-making technology, reading and writing Antenna design technology, data encryption technology, database management technology, data transmission technology and vehicle power technology.
In the software aspect, Microsoft's Windows NT Server 4.0 is used as the running platform. The dual-server configuration of redundant disk arrays provides a complete and reliable operating environment for the system. Microsoft's Windows SQL Server 7.0 is used as the back-end database management system, which not only has Safe and convenient data management capabilities and efficient data processing capabilities, as well as powerful data replication capabilities (including interconnection with heterogeneous databases), easy to exchange data with banks and other units, the system uses Inprise Delphi5.0 as a front-end development tool, Friendly interface, fast programming, smooth connection with SQL Server, all workstations of the system use Microsoft's latest Windows98 as the operating platform.
System technology uses radio frequency technology combined with IC card technology, non-contact smart card MIFARE standard, 1024 bytes / 384 bits, RF signal frequency 13.56MHZ, read and write speed less than 100ms / time, the antenna is used for winding. Car toll machine reading and writing time: <0.5 seconds; use environment -20 ° C to 65 ° C; storage environment -30 ° C to 80 ° C; average power consumption <8W; input voltage 5 to 40V, and overvoltage protection; operating frequency 13.56 MHZ; read and write effective distance <10CM; read and write maximum value is 800 (yuan), accuracy 0.1 (yuan); storage record 3000 detailed records; data transmission using contact IC card, in accordance with ISO7816 standard; power can still be at least The data is kept intact within three months, the standard RS232 communication interface is convenient for data acquisition, and the 8-bit super bright LED display.
The security management hardware and card communication adopts Triple DES encryption, and the key management is authenticated by multiple security encryption. After the identification and inspection by the provincial and municipal technical supervision departments meets international standards, national standards and industry standards, the system scalability and security are fully guaranteed. . After the opening of this system, we have networked with CITIC Industrial Bank and implemented online settlement with various bus companies to make the whole system function more perfect. The results of the operation in the past two years prove that the system is fully adaptable to the use environment of Wuhan public transportation.
(3), strive to minimize investment, and strive to achieve the best results.
Now the organization is a team, two brands. Exercising the management function of the bus IC card industry, the implementation of the project is operated by modern enterprises: four bus units. In the first phase, the company invested 680,000 yuan, and the ticket management company, with the support of CITIC Bank, gave the project a credit loan of 7 million yuan. To the mid-term public utility of the project, an allocation of 5.9 million yuan. After more than two years of construction and steady development, the initial results: the city has a total of 208 public steam (electric) car lines, 4,748 buses, 7 non-contact IC card toll machines installed on the ferry route. A total of 63 computer terminals for data processing and fund settlement were built, 51 sales recharge points were built, and the overall computer data receiving, statistical, and storage system of the management center was completed. The total investment of the project is 18 million yuan (the hardware purchase is 17 million, the software design fee is 7%). At present, the monthly settlement amount is 15 million, and the 2% management fee is charged.
The current problems and ways to solve them.
(1) The current problems.
At present, Wuhan City takes the bus IC card as the main body, and the small system of the small system of the public system has been built: gas, tap water, roadside parking. It should be learned a few years ago that the commercial banks in the banking industry issued their own cards, and the resources caused by the split use were extremely wasteful. The use efficiency was not high, the masses were inconvenient, the maintenance and management costs remained high, and the lessons that cannot be continued at present should be learned. The industry is centered on UnionPay, integrating resources, unifying card types, and effective use of one card. If unified, the government's macro-management needs to be integrated in the form of Party A or Party B, or in the form of joint stocks, to realize the utility card "one card multi-use". It is difficult to do this work well. It takes a while to complete. At the end of this year, the taxis in Wuhan City were launched with the IC card system. The bus IC card management company and the taxi companies were on a voluntary basis. The two parties signed an agreement and gradually completed the work. Currently, this work is underway.
(2) Cross-industry development must be self-disciplined and self-reliant.
At the end of this month, the bus IC card entered the catering industry for small-scale consumption, supermarkets for small-scale shopping, and parked in the park, causing discussions with the Bank of China's Wuhan Sales Department. Both parties felt that they had entered the blank of financial management. Self-strict management is our top priority now. We must refer to the relevant regulations of financial management and related fund management systems. Public IC card enterprises should establish a new set of enterprise norms and management systems to ensure the safety and credibility of capital operation.
The sustainable development of construction business IC cards must introduce business philosophy.
(1) Implement enterprise operations in accordance with the laws of the market economy.
The construction business IC card project has a foundation for development in every city. It is related to the food, clothing, housing and transportation of the citizens. The public's reflection on the implementation of the IC card project is much better than what we expected. Convenient, fast, and reduce the losses caused by counterfeit currency, so that the development of IC cards is rapidly increasing. However, the overall operation of the enterprise should be considered, the proportional relationship and cycle of input and output, the spillover point of exploiting and mining benefits, subjective control of its scale of operation and management methods, and its relevant policies and its management should be studied according to its application model. The method is to increase the social and economic benefits in the same period of development.
(2) The application mode of the construction business IC card matches the business strategy.
"One card multi-use" is the maximum value of the simultaneous increase of two benefits. The input of the public IC card in the industry in the early stage is the maximum, and the marginal benefit lies in expanding the scope of use, and the maximum value of the output is marginal benefit. According to the orderly development of the market economy, full use of the existing resources in the industry, integration of the extension of available resources, in order to make the sustainable development of public utilities IC card, social benefits and corporate economic benefits simultaneously increase, in order to make this The project develops in a virtuous circle.
(3) Successful case.
On June 12, 2001, the domestic reference news published an article in the Hong Kong journalist Zhao Danping, entitled "Small and Magical "Octopus"", which said: "Octopus" does not simply regard it as a charging system, but Based on public transportation, it operates as a service network covering the entire city. At the end of May 2001, 7.4 million cards were issued, with a daily usage of 6 million times. The average daily transaction volume was 42 million Hong Kong dollars. The estimated storage funds amounted to more than 2 billion Hong Kong dollars. The clearing service charges are 2% 6%. The social and business benefits are They are all in the best condition, and after a lapse of more than a year, it must be better than last year.
(4) Taking enterprises as the main body, taking services as the foundation, and grasping development according to industrialization.
The breadth of IC cards for construction projects can be extended to every city in the country, and its depth is related to the daily life of every citizen. State-owned assets are a strong foundation for the construction of enterprises, and also a high-quality resource for the development of IC card projects. Under the unified leadership of the Ministry of Construction, each city public utility is gradually developed according to the general principles and the general plan. It is a new type of industry for the whole country. The funds that the citizens must consume every month will be stored in the construction business before consumption. In the IC card, the country is estimated to reach more than 10 billion, or even more. If the Ministry of Construction organizes the establishment of the IC card foundation for construction, as permitted by national regulations, some funds may be safe.
Reliably used in the needs of various national construction projects, fund consortia in many foreign industries are actually formed. The value-added operation of the construction IC card fund will become a new benefit increase point of the industry. If the current national regulations permit, a small amount of money will enter the banking industry of each city, which will also play a significant role in the country's construction and development. The days when our citizens go out to bring a few cards, no need to bring cash, are not far away. If, like developed countries, citizens do not need to bring cash, they can use all kinds of cards to complete all consumption, and the National Bank will increase hundreds of billions of funds to transfer or reserve.
The construction enterprise IC card application model should become a certain regional socialized small-scale consumption service network. It must be studied as a service-oriented and enterprise-oriented industry to formulate relevant policies and overall development plans. Through the development of this industry, the disposable income that the national citizens must have per month is concentrated in the banking industry before consumption, which is beneficial to the country, the enterprise, and the citizens.
Under the unified guidance of the Ministry of Construction, through several years of hard work, the IC card system that has begun to take shape in the country, we must cherish the resources that have been invested, to develop, to develop, to be refined, that is, according to national or international Standards, citing advanced technology, doing their work safely and steadily, establishing a new set of management regulations and systems, and using a group of high-level management talents. Second, we must be strong, that is, we must do all the fields of the industry in accordance with the general principles of “five unifications†and “one card multi-useâ€. In order to do a good job in the industry, we will establish a business philosophy and build a business IC card project into a distinctive industry in the country, forming a socialized small-scale consumer service network in all regions of the country, enabling high-tech The application is transformed into advanced productivity, serving the public, promoting social and economic benefits, and simultaneously improving material and spiritual civilization. The IC card for the construction of the country and the people must be sustainable.
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