Self-adhesive material structure
While talking about the printing process of stickers, we must also understand the basic structure and function of each part as a printing material. The structure of the self-adhesive material is composed of three parts from the surface, namely surface material, adhesive and backing paper, but from the perspective of manufacturing process and quality assurance, the self-adhesive material is composed of seven parts:
1. Surface coating
Used to change the surface properties of the face material. Such as improving the surface tension, changing the color, adding a protective layer, etc., to make it better to accept ink and easy to print, to achieve the purpose of preventing dirt, increasing the adhesion of ink and preventing the printing of text. Surface coating is mainly used for non-absorbent materials, such as aluminum foil, aluminized paper and various film materials.
2. Face material
That is, the surface material is a material that accepts printed graphics on the front and accepts adhesive on the back and is finally applied to the adherend. Generally speaking, any material that can be deformed flexibly can be used as a fabric for self-adhesive materials, such as commonly used paper, film, composite foil, various types of textiles, thin metal sheets and rubber. The type of face material depends on the final application and printing process. The surface material should be able to adapt to printing and printing, have good ink-retaining properties, and have sufficient strength to accept various processing, such as die cutting, waste discharge, slitting, punching and labeling.
3. Coat the bottom
It is the same as the surface coating, except that it is coated on the back of the face material. The main purpose of coating the bottom layer is:
(1) Protect the surface material from adhesive penetration.
(2) Increase the opacity of the fabric;
(3) Increase the adhesion between the adhesive and the surface material;
(4) Prevent the plasticizer in the plastic surface material from penetrating into the adhesive, affecting the performance of the adhesive, resulting in a reduction in the adhesive force of the label and the label falling off.
4. Adhesive
The adhesive is the medium between the label material and the bonding substrate, and plays a role in connection. According to its characteristics, it can be divided into two types: permanent and removable. It has a variety of formulas, suitable for different face materials and different occasions. Adhesive is the most important component in the technology of self-adhesive materials and the key to the application technology of labels.
5. Release coating (coating silicon layer)
That is, a silicone oil layer is coated on the surface of the base paper, and coating the silicone oil can make the base paper a very low surface tension, very smooth surface, the role is to prevent the adhesive from sticking to the base paper.
6. Backing paper
The role of the backing paper is to receive the release agent coating, protect the adhesive on the back of the face material, and support the face material so that it can be die-cut, discharged, and labeled on the labeling machine.
7. Back coating or back printing
Back coating is a kind of protective coating on the back of the backing paper to prevent waste discharge. The adhesive around the rewinded label adheres to the backing paper. Another role is to make multilayer labels. The function of back printing is to print the registered trademark or pattern of the manufacturer on the back of the backing paper, which plays the role of publicity and anti-counterfeiting.
printing art
Now, we introduce the specific printing and processing technology of paper stickers:
1. Printing process flow
Different types of materials, different uses of labels, the process used is also different. Generally label printing machine is a multi-function device, and the processing plant can formulate printing process according to the requirements of customers. The printing and processing technological process of the sticker is as follows:
(1) Unwind
A Intermittent: No tension changes when the roll paper is unwound, so no adjustment is required. It is applied to flattening and rounding flat labeling machines, and the unwinding speed is slow. Because such equipment does not have a paper positioning correction device, the end surface of the roll paper is required to be clean and tidy to ensure accurate overprinting during printing.
B continuous type: It is applied to the round and round labeling machine. As the roll paper diameter and speed change, the paper tension changes, so this device has a tension automatic or manual control mechanism, as well as roll paper correction correction device to ensure smooth paper feed and print quality.
(2) bronzing
Flattening and flattening: It is applied to round flattening and flattening and labeling machines with low speed.
Round pressing: applied to round pressing label printing machine, fast speed, continuous bronzing, generally seldom used, generally use gold printing process instead of bronzing.
(3) Printing
Flat pressing: suitable for printing small areas and simple patterns, such as price labels, bar codes, etc.
Round flattening: suitable for label printing with solid patterns on the ground, and simple color mesh printing.
Round pressing is suitable for all kinds of pattern label printing, especially for high-end color mesh label printing.
UV printing: In the above three printing methods, after UV drying, all film stickers can be printed.
(4) Stamping first, then printing
On the equipment without UV drying, the use of ordinary ink, the disadvantage is that the design of the printed pattern is limited.
(5) First print, then hot stamping
It is applied to the equipment with UV drying device. After the ink is dried quickly, it can be gilded on the ink, and the gilding pattern can be arbitrarily designed, not limited by the ink.
(6) Glazing
Field polishing: coat a layer of varnish on the ink surface, the purpose is to protect the ink layer, prevent moisture, waterproof and improve the surface gloss, can replace the laminating process, using UV drying method.
(7) Laminating
Laminating on paper or film material, the purpose is to protect the ink, waterproof, moisture, increase the label strength, increase the three-dimensional pattern. The laminating film is divided into a laminated film with a bottom paper and a laminated film without a bottom paper. Due to the low cost of the latter, it is currently widely used. According to the requirements of the process, there are two kinds of composite transparent film and matte film, the former is more commonly used.
(8) Punch
The application is not common, mainly used for computer-printed labels. The requirement is that the positioning drive holes are drilled on both sides of the label, or the label applied on the price tag gun is required to be punched in the middle of the label for positioning and driving.
(9) Die cutting
The die-cutting of self-adhesive labels is a half-cut process, that is, only cut through the surface material and retain the bottom paper. Divided into two processing methods:
Such as flat die cutting, suitable for all kinds of label printing machines, manual plate making, low cost, short plate making cycle, but low viscosity, suitable for short version live printing processing. At present, almost all domestic label factories adopt flat die cutting. The other is round die cutting, which is applied to round pressure round label equipment. It has fast speed and high die cutting viscosity, which is suitable for long plate work. The disadvantage is that the plate making cost is large and the cycle is long. At present, the die-cutting rolls of domestic manufacturers are generally processed abroad.
(10) Paper collection
It can be roughly divided into cut sheet paper collection and folding paper collection.
2. Processing method of paper stickers
(1) Sheet paper
Among the printing methods of such self-adhesive materials, offset printing accounts for 95%, relief printing accounts for 2%, screen printing accounts for 2%, and computer and printing accounts for 1%. The printing of self-adhesive labels on single sheets of paper is the same as ordinary printed products. Each process is completed on a single machine. The production efficiency is low, the cost is high, and the printing quality is good. If the offset printing process is used, the quality of the four-color printed label is much better than the similar products printed by the label printing machine. However, because the form of the self-adhesive finished product printed on a sheet of paper is a sheet of paper and cannot be rewound, such products can only be labeled manually, and cannot be automatically labeled on an automatic labeling machine. Single-sheet printing is suitable for large-area sticker color prints. Such as posters, posters, large-area labels, etc., are not limited to label products. It can be said that sheet-fed sticker printing is an important part of the sticker printing industry.
(2) Roll paper
Among the printing methods for web-based adhesive materials, relief printing currently accounts for 97%, screen printing accounts for 1%, offset printing accounts for 1%, and flexographic printing accounts for 1%. Due to the web printing process, all the processes are completed on one machine, so the production efficiency is high, the consumption is low, and the cost is low. At present, the label printing machine in our country is in the form of letterpress printing and has few functions. It is only suitable for printing labels with simple color blocks and line patterns, and the printing quality is not as good as that of single-sheet offset printing. However, labels processed on roll paper can be rewound into rolls, which can be applied to automatic labeling machines, bar code printers, electronic scales and other equipment, which is convenient for automated production. Web-printed stickers are the mainstream of sticker printing in the world.
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