First, the corrugated paper strength test and analysis Corrugated paper is the main material for the manufacture of various cartons and packaging, corrugated paper quality and strength will directly affect the quality of cartons or packaging. The requirements for the quality and strength of corrugated paper are affected by the limitations and limitations of the production process and operations. On the other hand, the requirements for the products to be packaged and the intended use are required. Therefore, strict determination of various aspects of the strength of corrugated paper in packaging printing and production is a very important part, to ensure product quality and performance has a very important significance.
Sampling is the first step in accurate measurement of corrugated cardboard. Sampling should be able to represent the characteristics of the entire batch as much as possible, but it should be as small as possible. China's standard is set at 3% to 5%, and sampling can also be based on specific production scale and conditions. After sampling, the paper plate is processed so that the measured data is obtained under a specific condition, and such data can be compared under the same conditions. The humidity and temperature of air have a great influence on the physical and mechanical properties of paper and board. It is necessary to do proper conditioning before measurement. Below we introduce the strength indicators and test methods for corrugated paper.
1. It is difficult to measure the crushing strength of corrugated board and carton board to determine the compressive strength of the base paper or board in the width direction (ie, perpendicular to the thickness of the paper). Because the thickness of paper or paperboard is very small, it is difficult to apply pressure on a flat paper in a direction perpendicular to its thickness, and it is difficult for the paper or paperboard to maintain its shape stability. If paper or cardboard is enclosed in a ring shape, its shape stability is much better when pressure is applied. Therefore, the raw paper or cardboard is enclosed in a ring, and then its compressive strength is measured. This is the ring pressure strength of the base paper or paperboard. Measurements were performed on a small pressure tester.
2. The flat compressive strength of the corrugated core The main function of the corrugated core is to maintain a certain thickness of the cardboard when the corrugated cardboard is deformed under pressure, so that the cardboard obtains a greater moment of inertia. This effect of corrugated papers is closely linked to the reliability of corrugated paper made on single-sided machines. Corrugated paper cores should be able to withstand stress and strain, and form uniform contour corrugations at high speeds, and they can be firmly attached to face paper.
This effect of the corrugated core can be measured by the flat compressive strength of the corrugated corrugated core. The flat crushing strength of the corrugated core is determined by first pressing the corrugated paper at a certain temperature and a certain pressure with a corrugation tester to form a corrugated shape. The flat pressure test was then performed on a small tester to determine its load carrying capacity and expressed in KN (kgf).
Sampling is the first step in accurate measurement of corrugated cardboard. Sampling should be able to represent the characteristics of the entire batch as much as possible, but it should be as small as possible. China's standard is set at 3% to 5%, and sampling can also be based on specific production scale and conditions. After sampling, the paper plate is processed so that the measured data is obtained under a specific condition, and such data can be compared under the same conditions. The humidity and temperature of air have a great influence on the physical and mechanical properties of paper and board. It is necessary to do proper conditioning before measurement. Below we introduce the strength indicators and test methods for corrugated paper.
1. It is difficult to measure the crushing strength of corrugated board and carton board to determine the compressive strength of the base paper or board in the width direction (ie, perpendicular to the thickness of the paper). Because the thickness of paper or paperboard is very small, it is difficult to apply pressure on a flat paper in a direction perpendicular to its thickness, and it is difficult for the paper or paperboard to maintain its shape stability. If paper or cardboard is enclosed in a ring shape, its shape stability is much better when pressure is applied. Therefore, the raw paper or cardboard is enclosed in a ring, and then its compressive strength is measured. This is the ring pressure strength of the base paper or paperboard. Measurements were performed on a small pressure tester.
2. The flat compressive strength of the corrugated core The main function of the corrugated core is to maintain a certain thickness of the cardboard when the corrugated cardboard is deformed under pressure, so that the cardboard obtains a greater moment of inertia. This effect of corrugated papers is closely linked to the reliability of corrugated paper made on single-sided machines. Corrugated paper cores should be able to withstand stress and strain, and form uniform contour corrugations at high speeds, and they can be firmly attached to face paper.
This effect of the corrugated core can be measured by the flat compressive strength of the corrugated corrugated core. The flat crushing strength of the corrugated core is determined by first pressing the corrugated paper at a certain temperature and a certain pressure with a corrugation tester to form a corrugated shape. The flat pressure test was then performed on a small tester to determine its load carrying capacity and expressed in KN (kgf).
3. Flatness of Corrugated Boards An inherent feature of corrugated board is that it has a greater moment of inertia than normal paperboard. When the corrugated cardboard is subjected to a relatively high moment of inertia, maintaining its original thickness is a prerequisite for maintaining its inherent characteristics. Therefore, the ability of corrugated cardboard to withstand flat load without crushing is an important strength indicator for corrugated paperboard. This index is particularly important for the elasticity of corrugated board in use, and for maintaining the original thickness of the board in various manufacturing processes of the carton.
The flat compressive strength of the corrugated board is expressed in terms of the force acting perpendicularly on the unit area of ​​the board, and the unit is kPa. The flat compressive strength of the corrugated cardboard can be measured by using a small-scale pressure tester using a round specimen with a diameter of 5.13 cm.
4. Corrugated cardboard side pressure strength Corrugated cardboard boxes are different from paper bags in that they are used as rigid containers and must maintain a certain shape when used. A major form of corrugated box damage is crushing and losing rigidity. A large amount of research work has shown that an indicator that reflects the rigidity of a carton is the compressive strength of the carton and is directly related to the side-press strength of the corrugated cardboard.
The side pressure strength of corrugated board is the ability of the board to bear the compressive load in the direction of the corrugation, expressed as the force per unit length. The unit is N/m. This index can be used to compare the production under similar conditions, but not the same batch. The quality of the product can also be used to compare the side pressure strength of corrugated board produced from different materials.
The side pressure strength can be measured with a small pressure tester. The area of ​​the upper and lower platens is 100mm*100mm, and the other requirements are the same as those for determining the flat compressive strength. Another need for two rectangular metal guides holding the sample, length 100mm, cross-section 20mm * 20mm.
5. Bursting degree Burst resistance has always been considered as an important quality indicator of corrugated board and its components (core paper, face paper and liner paper). In the early days, even the entire quality specification of corrugated board was mainly based on the bursting resistance. Although current specifications have noted such indicators as side pressure strength, the determination of burst resistance still has great significance. Because the cardboard is subjected to stress similar to that used in the bursting test during use. Burst strength is the load of paper or paperboard when it is not broken, it means the ability of paper or paperboard to withstand external pressure without breaking. The bursting resistance is measured with a bursting tester.
6. Puncture Strength The puncture strength can be used to measure the resistance of corrugated cardboard when it is damaged by sharp objects. It is a comprehensive indicator. Recent studies have shown that the tear strength in both longitudinal and transverse directions of the paper is related to the corrugating medium, and the flat compressive strength of the corrugated medium has an important influence on the strength of the corrugated paperboard. The puncture strength has recently become more and more important, and many countries have included this indicator in the quality specifications of corrugated paper.
The puncture strength was measured with a puncture tester. The tester uses a pendulum-mounted pendulum to determine the ability of the paperboard to resist puncture by varying its positional energy before and after penetrating the paperboard, converting the amount of potential energy into kinetic energy to pierce and tear the paperboard. To indicate the puncture strength of paper or cardboard.
7. Adhesive strength Adhesive strength refers to the strength of the bonding of corrugated paper with face paper or liner. Apply a vertical pulling force perpendicular to the surface of the paper or corrugated medium until the two are separated. The maximum load that the interface of the binder or binder fiber can withstand before separation is the bond strength of the sample, also known as the peel strength, in units of N.
Adhesive strength can be measured with a small pressure tester. The tensile force applied to the paper and the corrugated medium is generated by inserting the upper and lower sets of inserts of the corrugated medium. Therefore, this test is also referred to as the strength test of the cemented pin.
The model of the test rod depends on the type of corrugated board being tested. A long group of test bars is inserted on the lower side of the corrugated medium, and a short group of test bars are inserted below the corrugated medium. The upper side is then pulled up and the lower one is pulled down to measure the adhesive strength of the weaker side of the two adhesive surfaces. When a long set of test bars is inserted into the upper or lower side of the core paper at intervals, and the short set of test bars are also on the same side of the insert core paper, the adhesive strength of the side connected to the test bar can be measured. (Figure)
The flat compressive strength of the corrugated board is expressed in terms of the force acting perpendicularly on the unit area of ​​the board, and the unit is kPa. The flat compressive strength of the corrugated cardboard can be measured by using a small-scale pressure tester using a round specimen with a diameter of 5.13 cm.
4. Corrugated cardboard side pressure strength Corrugated cardboard boxes are different from paper bags in that they are used as rigid containers and must maintain a certain shape when used. A major form of corrugated box damage is crushing and losing rigidity. A large amount of research work has shown that an indicator that reflects the rigidity of a carton is the compressive strength of the carton and is directly related to the side-press strength of the corrugated cardboard.
The side pressure strength of corrugated board is the ability of the board to bear the compressive load in the direction of the corrugation, expressed as the force per unit length. The unit is N/m. This index can be used to compare the production under similar conditions, but not the same batch. The quality of the product can also be used to compare the side pressure strength of corrugated board produced from different materials.
The side pressure strength can be measured with a small pressure tester. The area of ​​the upper and lower platens is 100mm*100mm, and the other requirements are the same as those for determining the flat compressive strength. Another need for two rectangular metal guides holding the sample, length 100mm, cross-section 20mm * 20mm.
5. Bursting degree Burst resistance has always been considered as an important quality indicator of corrugated board and its components (core paper, face paper and liner paper). In the early days, even the entire quality specification of corrugated board was mainly based on the bursting resistance. Although current specifications have noted such indicators as side pressure strength, the determination of burst resistance still has great significance. Because the cardboard is subjected to stress similar to that used in the bursting test during use. Burst strength is the load of paper or paperboard when it is not broken, it means the ability of paper or paperboard to withstand external pressure without breaking. The bursting resistance is measured with a bursting tester.
6. Puncture Strength The puncture strength can be used to measure the resistance of corrugated cardboard when it is damaged by sharp objects. It is a comprehensive indicator. Recent studies have shown that the tear strength in both longitudinal and transverse directions of the paper is related to the corrugating medium, and the flat compressive strength of the corrugated medium has an important influence on the strength of the corrugated paperboard. The puncture strength has recently become more and more important, and many countries have included this indicator in the quality specifications of corrugated paper.
The puncture strength was measured with a puncture tester. The tester uses a pendulum-mounted pendulum to determine the ability of the paperboard to resist puncture by varying its positional energy before and after penetrating the paperboard, converting the amount of potential energy into kinetic energy to pierce and tear the paperboard. To indicate the puncture strength of paper or cardboard.
7. Adhesive strength Adhesive strength refers to the strength of the bonding of corrugated paper with face paper or liner. Apply a vertical pulling force perpendicular to the surface of the paper or corrugated medium until the two are separated. The maximum load that the interface of the binder or binder fiber can withstand before separation is the bond strength of the sample, also known as the peel strength, in units of N.
Adhesive strength can be measured with a small pressure tester. The tensile force applied to the paper and the corrugated medium is generated by inserting the upper and lower sets of inserts of the corrugated medium. Therefore, this test is also referred to as the strength test of the cemented pin.
The model of the test rod depends on the type of corrugated board being tested. A long group of test bars is inserted on the lower side of the corrugated medium, and a short group of test bars are inserted below the corrugated medium. The upper side is then pulled up and the lower one is pulled down to measure the adhesive strength of the weaker side of the two adhesive surfaces. When a long set of test bars is inserted into the upper or lower side of the core paper at intervals, and the short set of test bars are also on the same side of the insert core paper, the adhesive strength of the side connected to the test bar can be measured. (Figure)
Second, the carton performance test Corrugated carton can replace most of the wooden box, but can not completely replace the wooden box is mainly due to: 1. Water and moisture resistance is less than the wooden box; 2. Easy to be pierced by sharp hard objects; 3. Compressive strength is not as good as wooden boxes. In particular, the last point is particularly influential. Therefore, it is of great significance to study how to improve the compressive strength of corrugated boxes.
The corrugated box is a packaging container, and its test can be performed according to the requirements of the packaging container. The main test items are:
1. Carton pressure test The carton pressure test is a compression test and is the most basic test of carton performance. Through this test, the ability of the carton to withstand pressure in different conditions can be determined.
The equipment used for the carton pressure test is a carton-specific pressure tester. The tester bench has a relatively large pressurizing area. Generally, the area of ​​the upper and lower platens is 1.5m*1.5m or 1m*1m. One of the two pressure plates is a support plate, the position of which can be adjusted according to the size of the sample, so that it has a suitable height, and then it is fastened; the other is a pressure plate that can slide along the guide rod, Apply pressure to the sample.
2. Carton drop test Drop test is a commonly used test for general merchandise packaging. It is also used in corrugated cartons. Drop tests can be used to test the physical strength of the contents under different drop conditions. At the same time, the performance of the carton and the buffering effect of the carton structure can also be determined through experiments.
Drop test is a simple and applicable test. It is suitable for packages with a total weight of 150kg or less. The equipment used in the testing machine is relatively simple and can be used with a drop tester or a spreader tester.
3. Bevel Impact Performance For heavy or bulky packages, such as large packages weighing up to 150 kg, a bevel impact test can be used to test the impact resistance of the package and its contents.
Slope impact tests can imitate the strong impact loads caused by trains, car starts, brakes, and downhill slopes. In addition, this experiment can also provide similar experiments for various shock loads caused by the transport process (such as the transport of goods through the belt, lifting, unloading and other links). The test device is a crash tester consisting of slides, blocks, and baffles.
4. Hexagonal Drum Test Hexagonal Drum Test is a comprehensive test that simulates various loads on the outside during the transport process of a carton containing contents. This test can imitate the situation in which the cartons enter the warehouse, the machine compartment, and the carriage from the conveyor belt, or the cartons are transported from one floor to another by the conveyor belt. The tumbling drop of the carton in the testing machine is arbitrary and there is no certain rule. This natural drop of the carton can fall on the baffle of the drum, or it can fall on all corners, sides, and sides of the drum to provide various load tests for the carton.
Through this test, two purposes can be achieved: simulating the shock and vibration that the carton may encounter in the transportation process, determining the ability of the carton to withstand these shocks and vibrations; and measuring the protective capabilities of the carton, the inner packaging and the shockproof material against the contents. In addition, this test is also useful for determining the reliability of joints and closures of cartons. This test was measured on a hexagonal drum tester.
5. Vibration and anti-vibration performance test The carton will undergo vibrations of different frequencies and amplitudes during transportation, affecting the carton and contents, such as carton deformation, cracking, surface abrasion, ink stain, etc. The vibration test can simulate the transportation process. In general vibrations, it is also possible to carry out some accidental vibrations of known parameters. Due to the wide range of vibration frequencies in the transportation process, the test involves two aspects: First, the carton is placed tightly on the vibration table, and the test carton withstands the fatigue caused by repeated vibrations and the ability to vibrate at high frequencies; the other is Put the carton tightly on the shaker table and check if low-frequency vibrations cause resonance in the carton contents. This test is suitable for items such as electronic instruments that are sensitive to low-frequency vibrations.
The vibration table for carton vibration test can generate 1-80Hz vibration frequency and 0.5-10g (g=9.81m/s*s) acceleration. The test box can be placed on the shaking table. According to the test requirements, the box can be fastened or allowed to move freely. The test can imitate the stacking conditions during transportation and apply a simulated force load to the sample. Shakers should also meet the requirements that are compatible with the total load of the stacking cartons and content items.
The basic method of the test is to reproduce the vibrations in the transport process, such as in the train compartment, in the car compartment, and in the aircraft cabin, under experimental conditions. The load of vibration depends on the type of transport.
When testing the vibration resistance of the carton, the number of patterns is adapted to the actual situation. The stacking quantity of cartons is generally not less than 3, and the total stacking height should depend on the type of transport. The stacking height of railway transportation is generally 2.5m, the automobile is 2m, and the air transport is 1.5m. The termination time of the test is determined by the breakage rate of the carton. The degree of damage includes the seams of the carton and the damage of the adhesive wall.
6. The spray test will spray the corrugated boxes under specified conditions for the specified time and the amount of water sprayed to assess the ability of the carton to withstand water ingress and the ability of the carton to protect the contents.
7. Other tests include weatherability tests and friction performance tests.
The corrugated box is a packaging container, and its test can be performed according to the requirements of the packaging container. The main test items are:
1. Carton pressure test The carton pressure test is a compression test and is the most basic test of carton performance. Through this test, the ability of the carton to withstand pressure in different conditions can be determined.
The equipment used for the carton pressure test is a carton-specific pressure tester. The tester bench has a relatively large pressurizing area. Generally, the area of ​​the upper and lower platens is 1.5m*1.5m or 1m*1m. One of the two pressure plates is a support plate, the position of which can be adjusted according to the size of the sample, so that it has a suitable height, and then it is fastened; the other is a pressure plate that can slide along the guide rod, Apply pressure to the sample.
2. Carton drop test Drop test is a commonly used test for general merchandise packaging. It is also used in corrugated cartons. Drop tests can be used to test the physical strength of the contents under different drop conditions. At the same time, the performance of the carton and the buffering effect of the carton structure can also be determined through experiments.
Drop test is a simple and applicable test. It is suitable for packages with a total weight of 150kg or less. The equipment used in the testing machine is relatively simple and can be used with a drop tester or a spreader tester.
3. Bevel Impact Performance For heavy or bulky packages, such as large packages weighing up to 150 kg, a bevel impact test can be used to test the impact resistance of the package and its contents.
Slope impact tests can imitate the strong impact loads caused by trains, car starts, brakes, and downhill slopes. In addition, this experiment can also provide similar experiments for various shock loads caused by the transport process (such as the transport of goods through the belt, lifting, unloading and other links). The test device is a crash tester consisting of slides, blocks, and baffles.
4. Hexagonal Drum Test Hexagonal Drum Test is a comprehensive test that simulates various loads on the outside during the transport process of a carton containing contents. This test can imitate the situation in which the cartons enter the warehouse, the machine compartment, and the carriage from the conveyor belt, or the cartons are transported from one floor to another by the conveyor belt. The tumbling drop of the carton in the testing machine is arbitrary and there is no certain rule. This natural drop of the carton can fall on the baffle of the drum, or it can fall on all corners, sides, and sides of the drum to provide various load tests for the carton.
Through this test, two purposes can be achieved: simulating the shock and vibration that the carton may encounter in the transportation process, determining the ability of the carton to withstand these shocks and vibrations; and measuring the protective capabilities of the carton, the inner packaging and the shockproof material against the contents. In addition, this test is also useful for determining the reliability of joints and closures of cartons. This test was measured on a hexagonal drum tester.
5. Vibration and anti-vibration performance test The carton will undergo vibrations of different frequencies and amplitudes during transportation, affecting the carton and contents, such as carton deformation, cracking, surface abrasion, ink stain, etc. The vibration test can simulate the transportation process. In general vibrations, it is also possible to carry out some accidental vibrations of known parameters. Due to the wide range of vibration frequencies in the transportation process, the test involves two aspects: First, the carton is placed tightly on the vibration table, and the test carton withstands the fatigue caused by repeated vibrations and the ability to vibrate at high frequencies; the other is Put the carton tightly on the shaker table and check if low-frequency vibrations cause resonance in the carton contents. This test is suitable for items such as electronic instruments that are sensitive to low-frequency vibrations.
The vibration table for carton vibration test can generate 1-80Hz vibration frequency and 0.5-10g (g=9.81m/s*s) acceleration. The test box can be placed on the shaking table. According to the test requirements, the box can be fastened or allowed to move freely. The test can imitate the stacking conditions during transportation and apply a simulated force load to the sample. Shakers should also meet the requirements that are compatible with the total load of the stacking cartons and content items.
The basic method of the test is to reproduce the vibrations in the transport process, such as in the train compartment, in the car compartment, and in the aircraft cabin, under experimental conditions. The load of vibration depends on the type of transport.
When testing the vibration resistance of the carton, the number of patterns is adapted to the actual situation. The stacking quantity of cartons is generally not less than 3, and the total stacking height should depend on the type of transport. The stacking height of railway transportation is generally 2.5m, the automobile is 2m, and the air transport is 1.5m. The termination time of the test is determined by the breakage rate of the carton. The degree of damage includes the seams of the carton and the damage of the adhesive wall.
6. The spray test will spray the corrugated boxes under specified conditions for the specified time and the amount of water sprayed to assess the ability of the carton to withstand water ingress and the ability of the carton to protect the contents.
7. Other tests include weatherability tests and friction performance tests.
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