Main transport packaging forms and their applications

For fragile products such as glass products, ceramic products, handicrafts, bottled food and beverages, and sophisticated electronic, electrical, and telecommunication products, it is necessary to minimize the damage to the product caused by the transportation and transportation process. Transport packaging or buffer packaging is used here. The role is crucial. The main forms of existing transport packaging are:

Packaging

Outer packaging is an effective way to protect fragile goods from damage. It is generally required that the frangible packaging should have a certain compressive strength and anti-jamming strength, which can protect the fragile goods from being damaged under normal transport and storage palletization conditions. The most typical and commonly used fragile packaging is corrugated boxes. Some large and heavy fragile products use honeycomb cardboard boxes. Some products that are lighter or have higher compressive strength, such as glass empty cans, use pallet wrap instead of corrugated boxes. Regardless of fragile packaging, the words “Fragile” and the corresponding pattern should be marked on the four upper left corners.

Corrugated carton

Corrugated cartons are the largest shipping containers currently used. Corrugated cartons used for fragile packaging are made from three or five layers of corrugated cardboard. Corrugated board generally has four types of A, B, C, and E. The corrugated board of type A, B, and C can be used to make cardboard boxes for fragile packaging. The difference is that the type A is higher and sparse, the compressive strength is lower, the type B is lower and denser, the compressive strength is higher, and the type C is between the two. The choice of cardboard boxes for cardboard boxes of different types or different layers is mainly based on the importance of the contents and the requirements on the compressive strength.

In the past, due to the relatively backward transportation conditions in China, the phenomenon of rough loading and unloading occurred from time to time. The domestic demand for five-layer corrugated boxes was relatively large, accounting for about 70% of the total. However, in recent years, with the improvement of China's transportation conditions, the application ratio of 3-layer corrugated boxes has increased year by year. And with the change in sales methods, many fragile goods transport packaging closer to the sales package. The design of corrugated cartons is becoming more and more complicated, and the quality of printing and decorating equipment is getting higher and higher. Many of them have embarked on the sales shelves of supermarkets.

Honeycomb cardboard box

Honeycomb cardboard boxes are box-shaped containers made from honeycomb paperboard. Honeycomb paperboard has light weight, high compression resistance, bending resistance and high shear strength, and has good buffer vibration isolation performance. There are three kinds of packing boxes with honeycomb paperboard as the main material.

The first is the composite packing box. The outer layer of the box is made of fiberboard or plywood with strong puncture ability, honeycomb core in the middle layer, and inner wall made of grass paperboard.

The second is a full honeycomb cardboard box. That is, the honeycomb paper is used as the sandwich core, and the interior and exterior are formed by binding the cardboard.

The third is the liner box. The corrugated box is used as the box. The upper and lower walls of the box are lined with honeycomb paperboard, which has strong ability of shockproof, compression, heat preservation and anti-jamming.

Compared with the traditional corrugated box, the mechanical properties of the honeycomb cardboard box are better, such as the destructive drop, heavy weight stacking, and actual loading rolling experiments show that the breakage rate of the fragile items in the honeycomb cardboard box is lower than that of the corrugated box. % to 97%; weight of 600 kg placed on the empty box is not deformed after three months pressure test, and no polystyrene liner is required; the weight ratio of the corrugated box with the same specification is 2:5, which can save 60% of cardboard. The promotion and application of this kind of carton will play a positive role in reducing the breakage rate of the goods in circulation and improving the quality of the packaging products. Especially for high value jade carvings, crafts, etc., honeycomb carton is the best choice. However, due to the complexity of the manufacturing process of honeycomb paperboard, in particular, automatic box making is not yet available, and therefore it is limited in application, and is mainly used for packaging of fragile products with small batches, large volumes and weights.

Wrapping film packaging

With the gradual packaging of packaging and transportation, the use of plastic winding stretch film as a means of transport packaging is increasingly common. The packaging of fragile goods is stacked on pallets and wrapped around the film to form a whole, which can reduce packaging, save corrugated boxes, and reduce packaging costs. Stretch stretch retract film is made of linear low-density polyethylene as the main raw material, and is produced by co-extrusion blown film method or casting method. It has a large tensile elongation and retracts properties, elongation up to 500%. Tray-wrapping packaging is to wrap the product around the retractive force of stretch film to form a compact, space-free unit, which tightly encloses the product and the tray, which can effectively prevent the transportation process. Chinese products are misplaced and moved.

In recent years, the winding film has developed rapidly. It is very suitable for bulk pallet packaging. The “centralized loading and unloading” method that combines this pallet with a forklift not only reduces transportation costs, improves logistics efficiency, but also makes the packaging object beautiful due to its good transparency. And easy to identify items within the package to reduce the allocation error. The disadvantage of the wrapping film is that its compressive and puncture resistance is weak and its use is limited. Especially in fragile packaging, it is generally only applicable to those who have sales packaging, fewer turnovers and lighter goods. Or its own high compressive strength goods.

inner packaging

The main function of the fragile inner packaging is to provide the fixing and buffering of the contents. Qualified inner packaging protects fragile items from shock and vibration during transportation and can return to their original shape to provide further cushioning. There are a variety of internal packaging materials and methods to choose from.

Liner

Liners are the most popular form of internal packaging at present, and typically use corrugated board to cross each other to form a mesh structure that matches the size of the outer packaging carton. According to the shape of the loaded item, the corrugated cardboard liner is cut and then the product is stuck therein. From the production, cutting and packing of liners, the whole process can be completed by mechanized operation, which is very suitable for mass product packaging.

Corrugated linings are used as internal packaging to provide good product fixing performance, which can prevent fragile products from colliding with each other and reduce the breakage rate. Moreover, since the production material is corrugated paper, it is consistent with corrugated paperboard materials, which facilitates uniform recycling, meets environmental protection requirements, and has low costs.

Items that come in contact with the bottom of the box are subject to greater stress due to the higher pressures. A corrugated paperboard separator is usually added to the bottom of the box to enhance the cushioning properties. Separators made of plastic are also on the market today. It uses high-density polyethylene (HDPE) or polypropylene (PP) extrusion or extrusion molding, with low cost, bending resistance, impact resistance, pollution-free, anti-aging, corrosion resistance, moisture-proof waterproof and other advantages. Solve the packaging problems of beer bottles, ceramics, etc. that may be encountered in large batch handling. Compared with corrugated cardboard, plastic separators are more adaptable to the trend of depalletizing, stacking, mechanization and warehouse management, and will be used more and more widely.

Foam plastics and their substitutes

As a traditional cushioning packaging material, foamed plastics have good cushioning performance and vibration absorption performance, and have the advantages of light weight, good protection performance, and wide adaptability. They are widely used in fragile packaging. In particular, foamed plastics can be prefabricated into relevant buffer modules according to the shape of the product, which is very convenient to use. Styrofoam was once the most important cushioning packaging material. However, due to the fact that conventional foamed polystyrene uses Freon, a foaming agent that destroys the ozone layer, together with the large volume of waste foam and the difficulty of recycling, it has gradually been replaced by other environmentally friendly buffer materials.

At present, there are several types of foamed PP, honeycomb paperboard, pulp molded products, etc. instead of polystyrene foam plastics. The foamed PP does not use Freon and has many similar cushioning properties to expanded polystyrene. It belongs to a soft foam material and can form a complex structure by bonding. It is a new type of cushioning material with a good application prospect. Honeycomb paperboard has the advantages of large bearing capacity, good cushioning, non-deformation, high strength, environmental protection, and low cost. It can replace foamed plastic pre-made into various shapes, suitable for high-volume fragile packaging, especially bulky or relatively bulky fragile packaging.

Pulp molded products are also partially replaceable foamed polystyrene packaging materials. It mainly uses paper or other natural plant fibers as raw materials, and is made by pulping, molding and drying. The specific geometric cavity structure can be designed to meet different products according to the product appearance and weight of fragile products. Claim. This product has good adsorptive properties, waste can be degraded, and can be stacked and stored, greatly reducing the transportation and storage space. However, its poor resilience and weak shockproof performance do not apply to bulky or heavier fragile packaging.

Cushion film

Air-cushion film is also called bubble film. The air is sealed in a special way between two layers of plastic film so that bubbles form continuously and evenly between the films. Bubbles have round, semicircular, bell-shaped and other shapes. The bubble film can provide a very good protection effect for light articles. As a soft cushioning material, the bubble film can be cut into various specifications and can pack products of almost any shape or size. When using air-cushion films, multiple layers are used to ensure complete protection of the product, including corners and edges.

The disadvantage of the air-cushion film is that it is susceptible to expansion and contraction due to the ambient air temperature. Swelling will cause damage to the outer case and the packaged goods, shrinkage will cause the contents of the package to move, thereby destabilizing the package and ultimately causing product damage. And its poor anti-jamming strength is not suitable for packaging fragile goods with acute angles.

Foaming on site

On-site foaming, mainly using polyurethane foam products, expands alongside the contents and forms a protective model, which is particularly suitable for the packaging of small batches and irregular items. The general operating procedure is as follows: first, inject a two-component foaming material into a plastic bag at the bottom of the carton, then place the packaged product on the foamed material, and then take a plastic bag and inject a proper amount of foaming material to cover the easy On the scraps, foaming material fills the entire cartons very quickly, creating perfect protection for fragile items.

The biggest feature of on-site foaming is that it can be formed at the site without using any molds. It is especially suitable for individual, irregular products, or packaging for valuable fragile products. It can be widely used in special occasions such as postal services and express delivery.

filler

Filling a variety of soft materials into a packaging container for buffer packaging has been widely used. There are many kinds of waste paper, plant fibers, foamed plastic balls and so on. However, since the filling material is difficult to fill the container, the fixing performance of the contents is poor, and after the packaging is discarded, it is not convenient for recycling. Therefore, the current packaging form is gradually declining.