In the anniversary of Gutenberg, many people asked how long the printing of electronic media could survive. At the moment, the so-called E-paper or E-ink competition has not yet developed to the point where printing paper will not endanger printing and paper. The famous German printing expert Boris Fuchs carefully observed the results of the research so far and evaluated the importance of electronic paper and ink.
E-paper and E-ink (electronic paper, ink) appear at / CeBIT exhibition, which will soon die out of the traditional printing and paper, I am afraid it can not be said to be a precursor? Media forecaster Prof. Nikolai Negroponte’s media lab was built in 1985 on the historic campus of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (Massachusetts Institute of Technology). From the beginning, he began to use electronic media to replace print and paper. . Therefore, a flexible and easily transportable film always emerges in the mind of Prof. Negroponte. This film can reproduce texts, graphics, and electronically discolored images to reproduce continuous tone images in the media. The outlet can be charged with the contents to be replaced. In this way, newspapers, magazines, and books can be presented to readers on one and the same "matrix." At the same time, as long as the subject is tapped on the film, detailed information can be obtained. In addition, instructions are given to the computers behind. The interest of the reader is that, after recharging the film, the information needed by the individual readers can be transmitted. The professor said that he basically did not read the newspaper.
The principle of E-paper and E-ink
There are millions of tiny two-colored balls (black and white) on E-paper (also called Gyricon), which is only a few um in size and is present between two layers of plastic film, covered by electrodes arranged vertically and horizontally. network. The polarities of the white upper half of these pellets are different from those of the lower half of black, they float in a transparent liquid, and the electric field of the electrode grid can rotate the pellets. Due to the turning of the black and white parts of the balls, the double-layer film forms the viewing surface, and a pattern is created, which can reproduce text, graphics and continuous tone images.
E-ink is composed of countless tiny transparent microcapsules filled with colored liquids and microscopic white balls. These microcapsules are sandwiched between two plastic films covered with electrode mesh. The white ball of positive charge is caused to rise or fall by electromagnetic induction. If these white balls are on the bottom layer, colored liquids are visible, and when they rise to the surface, they turn white. This, like E-paper, relies on the positive and negative electric fields of the two electrode grids to produce text, graphics or continuous tone images on the film surface.
Multi-application of E-paper and E-ink
Unlike traditional liquid crystal displays, the advantages of E-paper and E-ink allow high-resolution characters to be displayed and can be read well under different sunlight exposures. In addition, the film can be rolled up for Internet use so as to enlarge the display surface and make reading more comfortable.
IBM's E-Ink is a sub-project of the e-commerce department and why it is different from the publishing industry. For example: the price on supermarket shelves, the display of money card accounts, a variety of billboards, etc.
However, the main target is still newspapers, magazines and books (e-books). The Rocket eBook (e-book) costs only $300 and has a battery life of 20 hours. Currently, 20 books can be downloaded from the Internet. The competition did not end, Siemens made a statement on a flexible OLED (Organic Light Emitting Diode) film, which also reproduces color.
E-paper and E-ink have opportunities in newspapers
In the past 50 or 60 years, people wanted to use electronic means to directly deliver newspapers to readers and did many repeated experiments, but all this ended in failure. When the idea of ​​using radio was created in the United States in 1935, it was the direct transmission of radio waves to so-called residential fax newspapers. Until the 1940s, many newspapers and radio stations continued to follow this idea, but in the end it failed because readers did not accept this method. The Japanese were also in the same situation. In the 1960s, they discovered that the blanking gap of TV frames can be used as a backpacking transmission method for almost free residential fax newspapers. In addition to the top five newspapers in Japan, the national TV station NHK also participated. The pilot test was also very indifferent in the television, resulting in no test results.
With the advent of teletext and screen texts in the 1980s and the popularity of private faxes in the 1990s, the hope of using electronic means to directly transmit newspapers to readers has rekindled, and in order to “freshly cram†this new reading habit, Even this fax newspaper is distributed free of charge on airplanes and international fast trains. However, this move did not succeed. The same breakfast TV has hardly been accepted so far. Readers still prefer to read printed newspapers at the breakfast table.
In recent years, almost all newspapers have posted news on the Internet, but readers still buy printed newspapers. Why is the situation different when E-paper and E-ink appear? E-paper and E-ink can create value, and have already provided mobility on the Internet and on laptops with modems that people can carry with them. This is easier to transport than E-paper and E-ink films that can only be rolled up and not folded. As far as the content of the newspapers is concerned, based on the pre-mastered interest in terms of personalization, a European ESPRIT project 10 years ago has shown that this interest has changed so much in a short period of time that people cannot choose in advance. Even a film that is exactly like a papyrus scroll combined with the Internet as a complementary medium for synergy and symbiosis does not replace printed newspapers. This hardware approach already exists. What is lacking is the software that users like and should concentrate on developing software.
The principle of the role of E ink
Electronic ink function schematic
E-paper and E-ink (electronic paper, ink) appear at / CeBIT exhibition, which will soon die out of the traditional printing and paper, I am afraid it can not be said to be a precursor? Media forecaster Prof. Nikolai Negroponte’s media lab was built in 1985 on the historic campus of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (Massachusetts Institute of Technology). From the beginning, he began to use electronic media to replace print and paper. . Therefore, a flexible and easily transportable film always emerges in the mind of Prof. Negroponte. This film can reproduce texts, graphics, and electronically discolored images to reproduce continuous tone images in the media. The outlet can be charged with the contents to be replaced. In this way, newspapers, magazines, and books can be presented to readers on one and the same "matrix." At the same time, as long as the subject is tapped on the film, detailed information can be obtained. In addition, instructions are given to the computers behind. The interest of the reader is that, after recharging the film, the information needed by the individual readers can be transmitted. The professor said that he basically did not read the newspaper.
The principle of E-paper and E-ink
There are millions of tiny two-colored balls (black and white) on E-paper (also called Gyricon), which is only a few um in size and is present between two layers of plastic film, covered by electrodes arranged vertically and horizontally. network. The polarities of the white upper half of these pellets are different from those of the lower half of black, they float in a transparent liquid, and the electric field of the electrode grid can rotate the pellets. Due to the turning of the black and white parts of the balls, the double-layer film forms the viewing surface, and a pattern is created, which can reproduce text, graphics and continuous tone images.
E-ink is composed of countless tiny transparent microcapsules filled with colored liquids and microscopic white balls. These microcapsules are sandwiched between two plastic films covered with electrode mesh. The white ball of positive charge is caused to rise or fall by electromagnetic induction. If these white balls are on the bottom layer, colored liquids are visible, and when they rise to the surface, they turn white. This, like E-paper, relies on the positive and negative electric fields of the two electrode grids to produce text, graphics or continuous tone images on the film surface.
Multi-application of E-paper and E-ink
Unlike traditional liquid crystal displays, the advantages of E-paper and E-ink allow high-resolution characters to be displayed and can be read well under different sunlight exposures. In addition, the film can be rolled up for Internet use so as to enlarge the display surface and make reading more comfortable.
IBM's E-Ink is a sub-project of the e-commerce department and why it is different from the publishing industry. For example: the price on supermarket shelves, the display of money card accounts, a variety of billboards, etc.
However, the main target is still newspapers, magazines and books (e-books). The Rocket eBook (e-book) costs only $300 and has a battery life of 20 hours. Currently, 20 books can be downloaded from the Internet. The competition did not end, Siemens made a statement on a flexible OLED (Organic Light Emitting Diode) film, which also reproduces color.
E-paper and E-ink have opportunities in newspapers
In the past 50 or 60 years, people wanted to use electronic means to directly deliver newspapers to readers and did many repeated experiments, but all this ended in failure. When the idea of ​​using radio was created in the United States in 1935, it was the direct transmission of radio waves to so-called residential fax newspapers. Until the 1940s, many newspapers and radio stations continued to follow this idea, but in the end it failed because readers did not accept this method. The Japanese were also in the same situation. In the 1960s, they discovered that the blanking gap of TV frames can be used as a backpacking transmission method for almost free residential fax newspapers. In addition to the top five newspapers in Japan, the national TV station NHK also participated. The pilot test was also very indifferent in the television, resulting in no test results.
With the advent of teletext and screen texts in the 1980s and the popularity of private faxes in the 1990s, the hope of using electronic means to directly transmit newspapers to readers has rekindled, and in order to “freshly cram†this new reading habit, Even this fax newspaper is distributed free of charge on airplanes and international fast trains. However, this move did not succeed. The same breakfast TV has hardly been accepted so far. Readers still prefer to read printed newspapers at the breakfast table.
In recent years, almost all newspapers have posted news on the Internet, but readers still buy printed newspapers. Why is the situation different when E-paper and E-ink appear? E-paper and E-ink can create value, and have already provided mobility on the Internet and on laptops with modems that people can carry with them. This is easier to transport than E-paper and E-ink films that can only be rolled up and not folded. As far as the content of the newspapers is concerned, based on the pre-mastered interest in terms of personalization, a European ESPRIT project 10 years ago has shown that this interest has changed so much in a short period of time that people cannot choose in advance. Even a film that is exactly like a papyrus scroll combined with the Internet as a complementary medium for synergy and symbiosis does not replace printed newspapers. This hardware approach already exists. What is lacking is the software that users like and should concentrate on developing software.
The principle of the role of E ink
Electronic ink function schematic
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