The quality of packaging depends not only on the production of packaging containers, but also directly affected during the use, protection, handling, storage, and other circulation processes. These factors are often overlooked by people in practice.
one. Problems with packaging in use
1. Filling the contents When filling the contents, many people think that the better the loading, the neglect of the expansion coefficient of the contents of the package. For example, if a foreign trade company exports down jackets to Kazakhstan, the shipments are produced in winter. After packing, the bundles are bundled with down coats and packed in cardboard boxes. After a few months, the shipments arrive. At the port, it was hot weather. When the contents were heated, they swelled drastically. The cardboard boxes of Founder were made like balls. Some of the boxes were seriously damaged, causing the goods to be exported and left in the port warehouse.
Regardless of the filling of solids and liquids, the expansion coefficient of the contents must be taken into account during the selection, design and use of the packaging. After filling, there must be a certain space in the container to ensure that the thermal expansion of the contents does not cause changes in the packaging quality. Content overflows. Especially when filling liquids, they should be filled to 98% of the total volume.
2. The seal must be properly sealed regardless of the type of packaging used. Improperly sealed packaging will cause changes in the quality of the contents, contamination, spillage, etc., and may even cause a vicious accident. For example, in 1987, a batch of yellow phosphorus exported from China (which was a pyrophoric substance and was required to be soaked in water during transportation), due to improper sealing, the water leakage from the packaging barrel caused the yellow phosphorus in the barrel to ignite spontaneously, and the whole ship caught fire and suffered heavy losses. Another example: In 2001, a batch of sodium hydroxide was exported and used in plastic woven bags. The sealing line used for sealing was a polyester thread. After a few days the chemical reaction occurred between the contents and the sealing line, and the sealing line was blown. The shipment had not yet been issued. The contents were spilled in the warehouse.
——Packaging in barrels, the mouthpieces of the barrels and the mouths of the barrels must be tightly fitted with appropriate sealing rings. The degree of tightness should meet the sealing requirements. The wrench hoop also needs a pin to lock the wrench.
——Packages for bags, whether ropes, adhesives, heat-sealing or sewing, must ensure that there is no spillage of the contents and no gas is present in the bags. The selected rope or line does not react with the contents.
Box packing: If wooden boxes or fiberboard boxes are used, the seals should be fastened with iron nails or U-shaped nails. They should be nailed, and should not be turned upside down. The box body should be tightly packed with packing straps. If cardboard boxes, calcium plastic boxes, etc. are used, seal them with self-adhesive tape not less than 5 cm wide, and the sagging length should not be less than 5 cm, and use a packing strap to fasten the box.
two. Problems in protective packaging There are many forms of quality changes in the circulation of goods, including: physical changes, chemical changes, physiological and biochemical changes, and so on. In order to prevent changes in the flow of goods, often take protective measures on the packaging, and its protective packaging are common: waterproof, moisture, mold, rust, pest control, shock, bacteria, magnetic, radiation and so on.
Improper use of protective packaging can also cause economic loss or quality accidents. For example, a batch of porcelain tableware exported to the Commonwealth of Independent States in 1995, due to the unqualified shockproof packaging (buffered packaging), the shockproof material was too small and the selection material was too thin to be suitable for long-distance transportation, the porcelain dinnerware collided with each other during transportation. After the shipment arrived at the port, the breakage rate reached 30%, and foreigners refused to accept it. Another example: In 1998, an electromechanical company imported 15,000 sets of bearings from France, due to waterproof, rust-proof packaging failed, water in the box during the transport, there are 4162 sets of bearings after the arrival of serious corrosion, can not be used. It can be seen that protective packaging is an indispensable part of commodity packaging, and we should pay attention to it. First, it is necessary to take into account various factors in the circulation of commodities and choose appropriate protective packaging to truly protect the contents. Second, protective materials (such as adsorbent materials, gasket materials, etc.) and contents cannot cause chemical reactions or other adverse reactions. Third, the protective packaging should be operated according to the procedural rules during operation.
three. The problem of packaging in the handling process
1. The problem of "barbaric handling" in loading and unloading is still outstanding. The author has witnessed on several occasions that the packaging container manufacturers have carefully manufactured their own products, such as Jumbo, and carefully packed them. In order to prevent collisions, use blanket insulation and wrapping paper. However, when it was shipped to the enterprise, it was another sight. The stevedores tumbling down from a car with a height of more than 4 meters, and some were even “a pedalâ€. There was no protective measure on the ground, and the paint film on the steel bucket came off. Deformation of the barrel, carton bulk, corner roll, holes, pollution and other miserable. The packaging has not been used yet. It is beyond recognition. It will directly affect the image and quality of the product. After the contents are filled, especially 200 liters of vats or pallets, they are transported or handled by forklift trucks. The driver's sense of quality is weak, and the operation technology is not closed. There are accidents such as collisions or rollovers, causing serious damage to the packaging. This requires companies to strengthen the management of loading and unloading personnel, strengthen their sense of quality, develop appropriate procedures, and take appropriate protective measures to avoid or reduce damage to packaging during loading and unloading.
2. Problems during transport Damage to packaging can occur if there is care during transport. First, the contamination of the packaging caused by unclean vehicles. Such as carrying coal, fertilizers, pesticides and other substances, the lack of timely cleaning of the vehicle will cause damage or contamination to the re-shipped goods. Second, no tarpaulin is added to the transportation process to cause rain and sunlight. This can also cause damage, discoloration, and aging of the packaging. During transportation, especially long-distance transportation, it is necessary to cover the tarpaulin for rain and sun protection. show. Third, the packaging damage caused by improper loading methods, such as 1 the loading of goods is not true, there is a gap between the goods and goods, causing collision and friction between the goods in the transport. 2 The loading of cargo is reversed so that the contents of the contents leak and soak and contaminate other packaging. 3 The stacking of the goods on the vehicle is not proper, causing the underlying cargo to be overloaded and causing damage to the packaging. In addition, there are vibrations from vehicles, trains, ships, airplanes, etc. during the transportation of goods, and corresponding measures must be taken.
four. Problems in storage
1. Open-air storage of open storage products may result in the following losses: moldy and damaged paper packaging; peeling and rusting of paint film in steel drums; plastic packaging discoloration and aging; and wooden packaging cracked. For example, in May 2001, 2000 plastic woven bags produced by TSH Plastics Co., Ltd. were prepared to be exported for shipment. After being transported to the platform, they were postponed for shipment and stored on the platform for more than two months in the open air. The goods were ready for shipment. It was found that the packaging was seriously damaged due to aging caused by exposure. Another example: In August 2000, hundreds of tons of ketchup produced by TH Tomato Products Co., Ltd. were filled and placed in 200 litre open steel drums stacked in open yards. Due to market reasons, the batch of goods was stranded until the second year of May. The paint film on the outer packaging barrel was seriously faded to the sunny side, some of the paint film fell off, and the barrel body rusted. The reason is that the company violated the provisions of the GB325-2000 standard, the goods were piled up in the open air for a long time, and no protective measures were taken. Therefore, open storage of goods must take appropriate protection against rain and sun. Avoid long-term storage of goods in broad daylight.
2. Most of stacking commodities are stored in stacking when they are stored. Improper stacking methods can cause serious damage to packaging, such as flooding, mildew, rust, and damage. There are many factors to consider when stacking. One is that stacking should be done 10~20cm away from the ground for waterproofing and ventilation. Second, regardless of the use of one-to-one vertical stacking codes or cross-stacking codes, uniform distribution of forces should be considered. Third, in order to prevent collapse and slip, layers of cloth should be placed between the layers, such as tarpaulin, wrapping paper, and wood. Fourth, stacking height should be based on the pressure that packaging can withstand, the convenience of handling, and the size of the site.
The impact of the circulation process on the packaging quality, in addition to the above-mentioned four aspects, is related to environmental temperature, humidity, circulation time, transportation methods, chemical and physical properties of the contents, etc. The situation is more complex and must be seriously Study all factors and take corresponding measures to avoid and reduce the impact of the circulation process on the quality of packaging.